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THIS ARTICLE CONSIDERS THE REACTION OF LEGISLATORS TO THE EMERGENCE OF ANIMAL PROTECTION AS A POLITICAL ISSUE. A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF LEGISLATIVE BEHAVIOR IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES AND THE BRITISH HOUSE OF COMMONS IN THE LATE 1980S AND EARLY 1990S REVEALS THAT THE GROWING SOCIETAL CONCERN FOR ANIMALS HAS PERMEATED INTO THE POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS OF BRITAIN AND THE US. EXAMINING THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THESE LEGISLATORS SUGGESTS, MOREOVER, THAT THE MOST SIGNIFICANT VARIABLE IS PARTY LABEL, WITH CONCERN FOR ANIMALS BEING ASSOCIATED WITH PARTIES OF THE CENTER-LEFT. IT IS FURTHER SUGGESTED THAT THERE ARE GOOD REASONS TO SUPPOSE THAT THIS ASSOCIATION IS NO ACCIDENT AND THAT IDEOLOGICALLY, THERE IS A FIT BETWEEN ANIMAL PROTECTION AND THE IDEALS OF THE LEFT.

WHEN THE VARIOUS PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACHES TO THE MORAL STATUS OF ANIMALS ARE EXAMINED AND PARTICULAR ATTENTION IS PAID TO WHAT EACH OF THEM HAS TO SAY ABOUT THE NATURE OF OUR RELATIONSHIP WITH WILD ANIMALS, IT CAN BE SEEN THAT WHILST ANTHROPOCENTRIC JUSTIFICATIONS (WHICH SEE THE CONSERVATION OF WILDLIFE AS MERELY A MEANS OF FURTHERING HUMAN ENDS) ARE USED PARTICULARLY FOR PUBLIC CONSUMPTION, ECOLOGICAL AND RIGHTS APPROACHES ARE ALSO IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTORS TO THE DEBATE. AS A RESULT, PRESENT PRACTICES IN WILDLIFE CONSERVATION HAVE MORALLY INIQUITOUS CONSEQUENCES FOR SOME (WILD AND DOMESTICATED) ANIMALS AND SOME HUMANS. A STRATEGY BASED UPON THE CONSISTENT APPLICATION OF ANIMAL WELFARE SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEMS OF BOTH WILD AND DOMESTICATED ANIMALS IS BOTH MORALLY EQUITABLE AND MORE LIKELY TO MEET CONSERVATION GOALS.

Defines postmodern changes in global economic, political, & cultural processes & examines how they affect the form of transnational social movements (TSMs). Changes include: (1) the globalization of markets; (2) the decline of the Fordist accumulation model; (3) the fragmentation of class as a collective identity; (4) reduction in the role of the state in civil society & the economy; (5) the end of a global division into a First, Second, & Third World; & (6) the postmodern culture & its association with new technologies. These trends affect TSMs by stressing identity politics, turning away from the nation-state as a movement focus, changing their organizational structure from national to transnational networks, & turning to micropolitics & focusing on discourses & culture. The implications for peace activists are: resolving conflicts at the macro- & microlevel without violence & coercion, shrinking the supply of arms, & building positive economic nationalism. L. Nguyen

The review document, Meet the Challenge, Make the Change was widely regarded as representing a fundamental change in the party's approach. Many journalists described it in approving terms, whilst Tony Benn said it was 'the abandonment of the socialist analysis in favour of the David Owen approach.' Argues that the socialism represented by Kinnock is in line with the traditional Labour Party socialism characterised by a parliamentary road, a classless doctrine and collective provision. (SJK)

Although the aflatoxins were discovered more than 30 years ago, there is still considerable controversy surrounding their human health effects. Most countries have introduced legislation to control the level of aflatoxins in food, but it is not known if these permitted levels still pose a significant cancer risk. Furthermore, it is unlikely that all the sources of human aflatoxin exposure have been discovered, nor if the liver is the only, or indeed, major target organ for aflatoxin-induced cancer in man. In our laboratory we have used both immunological and HPLC methods to examine human DNA from a variety of tissues and organs to identify and quantify aflatoxin DNA-adducts. We have already detected aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-DNA adducts in formalin-fixed tissue from an acute poisoning incident in Southeast Asia. Here we have examined human colon and rectum DNA from normal and tumorous tissue obtained from cancer patients and colon, liver, pancreas, breast, and cervix DNA from autopsy specimens. AFB1-DNA adducts were detected in all tissue types examined and ranged from 0-60 adducts/10(6) nucleotides. Where sample size allowed, the adduct levels were confirmed by HPLC analysis. Tumor tissues tended to have higher adduct levels than normal tissue from the same individual, and levels generally increased with patient age. In samples analyzed by HPLC, the adducts present had the chromatographic properties of [8,9-dihydro-8-(N5-formyl)-2',5',6'-triamino-4'-oxo-(N5-pyramidyl) -9- hydroxy-aflatoxin B1, the ring-opened form of the AFB1-guanine adduct.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

The Canadian Partnership Against Cancer was created in 2007 by the federal government to accelerate cancer control across Canada. Its OncoSim microsimulation model platform, which consists of a suite of specific cancer models, was conceived as a tool to augment conventional resources for population-level policy- and decision-making. The Canadian Partnership Against Cancer manages the OncoSim program, with funding from Health Canada and model development by Statistics Canada.