The Concept of an International Organization in International Law
In: Oxford Monographs in International Law Ser.
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In: Oxford Monographs in International Law Ser.
In: Antal Berkes, Richard Collins, Rossana Deplano (eds.) Reassessing the Articles on the Responsibility of International Organizations (Edward Elgar), Forthcoming
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In: (2018) 15/1 International Organizations Law Review
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In: 43-1 Grotiana (2022 Forthcoming)
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In: (2017) 14/2 International Organizations Law Review
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In: (2020) 7 Maritime Safety and Security Law Journal 62
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In: Jan Klabbers, Maria Varaki and Guilherme Vasconcelos Vilaca (ed) Towards Responsible Global Governance? An Exploration (University of Helsinki, 2018)
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In: Daniele Amoroso, Loris Marotti, Pierfrancesco Rossi, Andrea Spagnolo, Giovanni Zarra (eds.) 'More equal than others? Perspectives on the Principle of Equality from International and EU Law' (Asser Press, Forthcoming)
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In: Max Planck yearbook of United Nations law, Band 24, Heft 1, S. 1-35
ISSN: 1875-7413
This paper aims to define the notion of institutional practice and it examines the extent to which United Nations organs and Member States can rely on and are limited by it. It describes all the normative theories involved, and proposes a simplified and comprehensive framework. The core argument is that institutional practice is less relevant than it seems in the first instance and, generally, it cannot do much by itself. It requires a further element to produce normative effects, whether in the form of Member States' practice or other means of interpretation of the constitutive instrument. After a brief introduction, the second section focuses on what constitutes institutional practice, distinguishing between the problem of the acts that constitute practice and how they are attributed to the organisation. Section iii discusses its employment by the International Law Commission, which distinguishes 'subsequent' institutional practice as a means of interpretation of the constitutive instrument, 'general' institutional practice as an element of customary law, and 'established' institutional practice as a rule of the organisation. Finally, Section iv provides a general overview of the normative relevance of institutional practice. The Conclusion summarizes these main findings.
In: (2021) 24 Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law 3
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In: 18 International Organizations Law Review (2021) 269
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In: (2020) 31-4 European Journal of International Law 1223
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In: (Oxford University Press 2021)
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In: European journal of international law, Band 31, Heft 4, S. 1223-1234
ISSN: 1464-3596
Abstract
This article is a critical reaction to the 2020 EJIL Foreword titled 'Guiding Principles on Shared Responsibility in International Law'. It focuses on Principle 3, concerning a 'single internationally wrongful act', and it is divided into its constitutive elements: the meaning of same conduct (Section 2), the attribution to multiple persons (Section 3), the breach of obligations (Section 4) and the indivisible injury (Section 5). The main criticism is that the Guiding Principles make things more complex than they already are. The established principles of international responsibility provide simpler and more effective answers. This is particularly the case for Principle 3, which concerns multiple responsibilities arising from the same conduct. There are two main elements through which the Guiding Principles on Shared Responsibility seek to provide guidance in the case of a plurality of internationally responsible persons. First, they employ the comprehensive notion of an internationally wrongful act, while ARSIWA and ARIO distinguish between the two elements of attribution of conduct and the breach of an obligation. Second, the Guiding Principles consider the injury to be a constitutive element included in the definition of shared responsibility, while ARSIWA and ARIO only employ it in the context of reparation and countermeasures. There are no actual benefits coming from these attempts of clarification.
In: European journal of international law, Band 31, Heft 2, S. 781-785
ISSN: 1464-3596