Breach of the Obligation to Prevent and Reparation Thereof in the ICJ's Genocide Judgment
In: European journal of international law, Band 18, Heft 4, S. 695-713
ISSN: 1464-3596
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In: European journal of international law, Band 18, Heft 4, S. 695-713
ISSN: 1464-3596
In: European journal of international law, Band 13, Heft 5, S. 1181-1199
ISSN: 1464-3596
In: European journal of international law, Band 13, Heft 2, S. 513-544
ISSN: 1464-3596
In: European journal of international law, Band 13, Heft 1, S. 161-181
ISSN: 1464-3596
In: European journal of international law, Band 10, Heft 2, S. 397-404
ISSN: 1464-3596
In: The international & comparative law quarterly: ICLQ, Band 61, Heft 4, S. 977-991
ISSN: 1471-6895
For the last 15 years the European Union (EU) has been particularly active, both internally and internationally, in the fight against global warming, and it is determined to continue to play a global leadership role in this strategic issue. Among the various market-based measures decided upon, the Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) for energy-intensive industrial sectors has been rightly described as the 'flagship of the EU climate policy'.1Even before proceeding to a general overhauling of Directive 2003/87 in the framework of the 2009 Climate and Energy package, the EU had decided to modify the Directive by including aviation activities in the ETS. Directive 2008/1012provides that all flights from whichever aircraft operator taking off from or landing in the EU territory will be subjected to the ETS from 1 January 2012. For the year 2012 97 per cent of all emissions allowances will be freely assigned, from 2013 the amount will decrease to 95 per cent, whereas 15 per cent of all allowances will be auctioned. In reality the percentage of free allowances is much lower, about 60 per cent, because it takes as parameter the historical aviation emissions of the years 2004–06, when the air traffic was 40 per cent lower than it is now. The idea underlying the Directive is that aircraft operators will either purchase the necessary allowances in the market or will try to reduce their emissions by using bio-fuels (or else reducing the number of flights), with the second option becoming more economically attractive over time.
In: The international & comparative law quarterly: ICLQ, Band 61, Heft 4, S. 977-991
ISSN: 1471-6895
In: Common Market Law Review, Band 46, Heft 1, S. 213-239
ISSN: 0165-0750
In: Common market law review, Band 46, Heft 1, S. 213-240
ISSN: 0165-0750
In: Journal of International Criminal Justice, Band 5, Heft 4, S. 889-904
SSRN
In: Austrian review of international and European law: ARIEL, Band 8, Heft 1, S. 49-60
ISSN: 1573-6512
In: European journal of international law, Band 13, Heft 2, S. 513-544
ISSN: 0938-5428
In: European journal of international law, Band 13, Heft 5, S. 1181-1199
ISSN: 0938-5428
In: European journal of international law, Band 13, Heft 1, S. 161-181
ISSN: 0938-5428
In: International journal of cultural property, Band 6, Heft 1, S. 81-108
ISSN: 1465-7317
SummaryThe Koenigs Collection of Old Master drawings was transferred during the course of World War II from private ownership to the German government. Most of the collection recently appeared in the Pushkin Museum in Moscow. The author examines the validity of these transfers and the proper ownership of the collection today from both a public and private international law perspective. The dispute as to ownership between Russia and the Netherlands and the role of the German government is a difficult one to resolve, particularly in light of current claims for war reparations and recent developments in international law concerning the transfer of cultural property.