Suchergebnisse

Legislation and important decisions affecting the lives of over 400 million European citizens are discussed on a regular basis in the European Parliament debates. This research paper analyzes the MEPs' speeches in terms of the co-occurrence of past conditionals and pragmatic markers signalling the speaker's attitude to the propositional meaning being expressed by past conditionals. The pragmatic markers of interest have been divided into two categories – one denoting certainty, and the other uncertainty or tentativeness – and compared accordingly. Since it is a corpus-based study, it was also possible to compare the English and Italian versions in order to verify whether the use of pragmatic markers within a set context horizon is consistent in the two languages. Results suggest that the use of hedging pragmatic markers is negligible as compared with intensifying markers, with the exception of 'perhaps'/'forse'. Translations, on the other hand, are not always consistent; however, this lack of consistency does not affect the general trends observed in the general use of pragmatic markers from both corpora.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.32.0.19445 ; Europos Parlamento debatuose reguliariai aptariami teisės aktai ir svarbūs sprendimai, turintys įtakos daugiau nei 500 milijonų Europos piliečių gyvenimams. Šiame straipsnyje analizuojamos EP narių kalbos atsižvelgiant į praeities šalutinių sąlygos sakinių vartojimą kartu su pragmatiniais žymekliais, rodančiais kalbėtojo požiūrį į propozicinę prasmę, išreikštą praeities šalutiniais sąlygos sakiniais. Aktualūs pragmatiniai žymekliai buvo suskirstyti į žyminčius tikrumą ir žyminčius netikrumą ar abejojimą, o paskui atitinkamai palyginti. Kadangi tai yra tekstynu remtas tyrimas, taip pat buvo galima palyginti angliškas ir itališkas pasisakymų versijas siekiant patikrinti, ar pragmatinių žymeklių vartojimas nustatytame kontekste yra šiose kalbose pastovus. Rezultatai rodo, kad sąšvelnio pragmatinių žymeklių naudojimas lyginant su stiprinančiais žymekliais yra ...

This paper revolves around the issue of the spread of English, and aims at illustrating the different strategies implemented by those languages that are being affected by it, in particular Italian. This spreading is an ever increasing phenomenon that is currently taking place at world level: Anglicisms in Russian, in French, in German or, for that matter, in any other language, are a strong indication of how English is penetrating within our cultures, regardless of how different these cultures can be to begin with. The specialized language of economics, for its inherently global nature, is one of the areas affected most by this process. Therefore, four English lexical items related to the domain of economics (i.e.: 'broker', 'start-up', 'joint venture', and 'business angels') are analyzed as they are used in Italian. The paper will show that linguistic borrowing – even when considering non-adapted loanwords only – takes place in different ways and with different levels of success. In order to elicit results as scientifically sound and reliable as possible, two parallel corpora have been taken into consideration: the Official Journal of the European Union and the transcripts of the debates held in the European Parliament. The pool from which data have been drawn adds up to a total of more than 15 million tokens.

Jane Eyre, written by Charlotte Brontë and first published in 1847, has been translated more than six hundred times into over sixty languages. Prismatic Jane Eyre argues that we should see these many re-writings, not as simple replications of the novel, but as a release of its multiple interpretative possibilities: in other words, as a prism.

Prismatic Jane Eyre develops the theoretical ramifications of this idea, and reads Brontë's novel in the light of them: together, the English text and the many translations form one vast entity, a multilingual world-work, spanning many times and places, from Cuba in 1850 to 21st-century China; from Calcutta to Bologna, Argentina to Iran. Co-written by many scholars, Prismatic Jane Eyre traces the receptions of the novel across cultures, showing why, when and where it has been translated (and no less significantly, not translated – as in Swahili), and exploring its global publishing history with digital maps and carousels of cover images. Above all, the co-authors read the translations and the English text closely, and together, showing in detail how the novel's feminist power, its political complexities and its romantic appeal play out differently in different contexts and in the varied styles and idioms of individual translators. Tracking key words such as 'passion' and 'plain' across many languages via interactive visualisations and comparative analysis, Prismatic Jane Eyre opens a wholly new perspective on Brontë's novel, and provides a model for the collaborative close-reading of world literature.

Prismatic Jane Eyre is a major intervention in translation and reception studies and world and comparative literature. It will also interest scholars of English literature, and readers of the Brontës.