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Both perpetrators and forms of violence change. States are no longer the central referents of contemporary conflicts. We can no longer understand them as the outcome of a linear history starting from tribal societies and leading to Western political structures. In the future, different worlds will exist alongside one another: anthropologists are uniquely placed to help understand and manage conflicts taking place within frameworks that do not correlate with our state-based logic. Adapted from the source document.

For the last two decades, the international community has opened up the debate on the entwined concepts of failed states and fragile states -- a theme which particularly resonated in France. This paper considers the rationale behind these extremely rich intellectual developments and considers the present state of an art which encourages fresh criticism of a previously-favored model of ideal "Weberian" state. Adapted from the source document.