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In the European Union the discussion of a post-2020 framework for climate and energy policies has already commenced. Yet the fight against climate change - considered to be a solid driver for a more ambitious EU policy - has been constrained by the economic crisis in the Union and an insufficient international approach. As this paper reveals, the ongoing debate is increasingly shaped by the issue of the greater competitiveness of the EU's economies in the world, and the development of industrial sectors. Taking advantage of the opportunities offered by the growing importance of re-industrialization and the boosting of the EU's competitive edge, the V4 countries - which face similar energy and economic challenges - should be active in this debate and present a well-considered approach. Adapted from the source document.

Germany and Poland stand as examples of the differing interests of individual European Union (EU) member states in energy policy. However, both countries are crucial for filling an Energy Union with substance. Yet, progress in bilateral engagement has stalled, as controversies, for example over Nord Stream II, threaten to distract attention from other issues and avenues for energy cooperation. While acknowledging disagreements, the focus should be on identifying areas of agreement and opportunities for cooperation. Although the difficulty of resolving highly controversial issues is not to be discounted, addressing them will require taking steps to establish trust while designing programs and projects to transform the idea of solidarity from rhetoric into reality. (SWP Comments)

Germany and Poland stand as examples of the differing interests of individual European Union (EU) member states in energy policy. However, both countries are crucial for filling an Energy Union with substance. Yet, progress in bilateral engagement has stalled, as controversies, for example over Nord Stream II, threaten to distract attention from other issues and avenues for energy cooperation. While acknowledging disagreements, the focus should be on identifying areas of agreement and opportunities for cooperation. Although the difficulty of resolving highly controversial issues is not to be discounted, addressing them will require taking steps to establish trust while designing programs and projects to transform the idea of solidarity from rhetoric into reality. (author's abstract)