Suchergebnisse

Nutrition is an important part of the treatment of many diseases, including chronic kidney disease. The objective of our study was to investigate haemodialysis patients' awareness of nutritional principles before and after the initiation of their dialysis treatment. Other objectives were to find out whether they were aware of the position of nutritional therapists and about their compliance with dietary measures and technological modifications. Results: 64 questionnaires were evaluated. 41 (64.06%) respondents were informed about the principles of a low protein diet, and there was the greatest lack of information about the need to restrict sodium, potassium and vegetable protein, inappropriate meat products, milk and dairy products. 56 (87.5%) probands were informed about diets after being involved in haemodialysis treatment. However, based on their implementation in practice, we found that this instruction was insufficient, especially in terms of limiting phosphorus and potassium intake. A positive finding was the strong awareness of egg consumption, as 41 (60%) respondents eat eggs only 1-2 times a week due to the high phosphorus content in the yolk; they do not have any restrictions when it comes to the consumption of egg whites. A negative finding was that 39 (60%) participants consume dark bread, pastries, rye or buckwheat flour, but 15% of them were diabetics. Strikingly, it was found that the patients did not know a nutritional therapist, which significantly influenced the lack of awareness of the respondents about the correct principles of nutrition in different stages of the disease and forms of treatment. Conclusion: Proper nutrition is an important part of the comprehensive management of chronic kidney disease. Dietary measures must take into consideration the stage of the disease, comorbidities and the current dietary pattern. This clearly demonstrates the important role of a nutritional therapist in the treatment management of patients with kidney disease. By informing patients early on about the principles of nutrition, disease progression, overall morbidity and mortality can be significantly influenced.

Introduction Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) is a tick-borne infection caused by bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato that accounts for 10-15% of all Lyme borreliosis cases in Europe. LNB can present with a variety of neurological manifestations. We aimed to describe the typical anamnestic, clinical and laboratory features of patients diagnosed with LNB and to describe the differences between paediatric and adult cases. Additionally, we assessed the factors associated with definite LNB. Methods We retrospectively evaluated data of patients with suspected LNB had undergone lumbar puncture and were admitted to the Infectious diseases department of University hospital Bratislava, Slovakia, between September 2019 and May 2022. Patients were divided into three categories according to the diagnostic criteria of European Federation of Neurological Societies: A) cases with definite LNB, B) cases with possible LNB, C) non-LNB controls. Results In total, 139 patients were included in the analysis. 32 individuals were classified as definite LNB, 23 as possible LNB and 84 as non-LNB controls. 55.5% were females and 35.3% were children aged<18 years. 56.3% of patients with definite LNB reported a history of tick bite, and 21.9% a history of erythema migrans (EM). Peripheral facial nerve palsy (PFNP) was the most common clinical symptom in patients with definite LNB (65.6%), followed by headache (50.0%), fever (21.9%) and radicular pain (18.8%). In a univariate and multivariable analyses neither history of tick bite nor history of EM were significantly associated with definite LNB. Factors independently associated with definite LNB in multivariable analyses were (i) age < 18 years (aOR 7.89, 95% CI 2.00-31.03, p < 0,003), (ii) female gender (OR 6.34; 95% CI 1.66-24.17, p < 0.007), and (iii) facial nerve palsy (OR 10.54; 95% CI 2.41-55.19, p < 0.002). Conclusion We found that peripheral facial nerve palsy is the strongest predictor of definite LNB, and that the children<18 years and females in our study were more likely to be diagnosed with LNB. Our study also suggests that anamnestic data on history of tick bite and EM contribute little to the diagnosis of LNB and that the examination of CSF is essential for the diagnosis of LNB.

Purpose: The purpose of this monitoring was to learn about the oral health status of Romani minority in Slovakia. The children were educated in oral health, as was expected that the dental status of the children would improve with the increased level of knowledge about dental health. Materials and methods: Romani children were regularly educated from 2010 to 2015. In 2010 and 2015 Romani children aged 5 to 14 were examined in the Spis Region, Slovakia. Dental cariosity was expressed by the DMFT (decayed, missing, filled teeth) and DMFT index for permanent and temporary teeth, respectively. Parents were asked in 2015 whether they utilize free preventive oral care for their children. Results: In 2010, the average DMFT of all examined children was 1.11 ± 1.45 and DMFT 6.53 ± 3.57. In 2015, the average DMFT of all examined children was 1.81 ± 2.29 and DMFT 3.94 ± 4.19. 12 year old children in 2015 had DMFT 2.12 ± 2.19; permanent teeth of 35.1% of them were intact.                                                             In total, only 30.3% of asked parents visit dentists for preventive oral care of their children.                                                             In the villages with a segregated Romani community only 7.1% of parents visit dentists for preventive check-up of their children whereas in the villages with integrated Romani Community it is 51.1%. Conclusion: Conducted research showed that oral health status of Romani children in Spiš is slightly worse compared to the majority population in Slovakia. Oral health education of Romani children and their parents is necessary to meet Health21 goals in oral health in subsequent years.