Suchergebnisse

"Tobacco consumption continues to be the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the United States. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates the manufacture, distribution, and marketing of tobacco products - specifically cigarettes, cigarette tobacco, roll-your-own tobacco, and smokeless tobacco - to protect public health and reduce tobacco use in the United States. Given the strong social component inherent to tobacco use onset, cessation, and relapse, and given the heterogeneity of those social interactions, agent-based models have the potential to be an essential tool in assessing the effects of policies to control tobacco. Assessing the Use of Agent-Based Models for Tobacco Regulation describes the complex tobacco environment; discusses the usefulness of agent-based models to inform tobacco policy and regulation; presents an evaluation framework for policy-relevant agent-based models; examines the role and type of data needed to develop agent-based models for tobacco regulation; provides an assessment of the agent-based model developed for FDA; and offers strategies for using agent-based models to inform decision making in the future."--Publisher's description

All children deserve the opportunity to meet their full health potential and lead a fulfilling life. Our nation's future depends on it. Yet, there are millions of children in the United States who are not afforded this opportunity today. While spending a record amount of money on health care services, the United States has the worst infant mortality rate among 19 similar wealthy nations, and the U.S. maternal mortality rate in 2018 was our highest since 2000. Although the United States is one of the richest nations in the world, in 2015 more than 9.6 million children lived in families with annual incomes below the poverty line (based on the Supplemental Poverty Measure), with approximately 2.1 million living in deep poverty. The highest rates of poverty were found among Hispanic, African American, and American Indian/Alaska Native families. This is deeply concerning because poverty during pregnancy and childhood is directly tied to poor health and developmental outcomes. Our nation's health disparities, of which there are many, are directly linked to what happens in early children and prenatally (and even earlier). For all children to lead fulfilling lives, we need to first achieve health equity as a nation, and to do so, we must focus on the youngest, and most vulnerable, in our nation. We also need to look beyond health care for solutions; while health care is necessary to improve health outcomes, fixing health care alone will not address health inequities.--