Nibel Genc has been held since 1994 as a political prisoner defending the freedom of Kurdish people and is presently imprisoned in the Bakirkoy Women's Prison in Istanbul. "The Engraved Lighter" is her fictional story as told by a young girl whose great-grandfather survived the 1938 Dersim massacre along with his son, whom he managed to rescue from the hands of the Turkish soldiers. While they were caught and waiting for their fate to unfold, another prisoner gave his engraved lighter to the great-grandfather just before the prisoner was shot.
The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the life satisfaction and leisure satisfaction of employees working in food and beverage establishments. The study was carried out in fine-dining restaurants in Eskisehir, Turkey, and adopted a quantitative paradigm. Eleven food and beverage establishments agreed to participate in the research, and a survey was administered to their employees. The data were obtained using the survey technique, and scales whose validity and reliability have been tested in earlier studies. A cluster sampling method was used, and a group of 156 people participated in the research. The research data were collected between March and June 2014. The results-identified a positive relationship between the leisure satisfaction and life satisfaction of employees working in food and beverage establishments. In addition, no significant differences in leisure satisfaction and life satisfaction were detected according to establishment type or gender. In line with the gained results, some suggestions were made for the executives and researchers of food and beverage establishments.
Toponimet dhe hidronimet e lashta në gjuhën shqipe sillen shpesh si argumente qoftë nga përkrahësit e teorisë së autoktonisë së shqiptarëve, qoftë nga kundërshtarët e saj. Janë të shumta punimet mbi këtë çështje dhe mbi gjendjen gjuhësore të Ballkanit të lashtë. Në disa ndihmesa të kohëve të fundit albanologu dhe indoeuropianisti austriak J. Matzinger ka sjellë këndvështrime të reja dhe interesante mbi këto çështje, të cilat do t'i diskutojmë në këtë trajtesë, duke u përpjekur t'i plotësojmë dhe t'i zhvillojmë më tej.Në analizën e zhvillimit fonetik të toponimeve dhe apelativëve në gjuhën shqipe, një procedim i rëndësishëm i së cilës është rindërtimi gjuhësor i formave të padëshmuara, duhet mbajtur parasysh një dallim themelor që i takon rrafshit të përdorimit gjuhësor: fjalët e trashëguara kanë evoluar fonetikisht duke u përdorur vetëm në fazat e njëpasnjëshme të një gjuhe të vetme, nga parashqipja në shqipen e sotme, sipas rregullave të fonetikës historike të shqipes, ndërsa toponimet, në një trevë të karakterizuar pothuajse gjithmonë nga shumëgjuhësia, kanë pësuar ndikime nga disa gjuhë, në veçanti nga ato mbizotëruese në përdorim. Ky parametër, i cili mund të sjellë zhvillime fonetike divergjente në krahasim me fjalët e trashëguara, nuk duhet shpërfillur në këtë proces. Në vijim do të përpiqemi të krahasojmë procesin e zhvillimit fonetik të fjalëve të trashëguara dhe të toponimeve, duke marrë në shqyrtim, për të ilustruar dallimet ndërmjet të parave dhe të dytave, zhvillimin fonetik të apelativëve dallëndyshe e ngjalë, të cilët shfaqen në emrat e fiseve të lashta ilire të Taulantëve dhe Enkelejve e më pas do të rimarrim në shqyrtim analizën e disa prej toponimeve, oikonimeve, oronimeve e hidronimeve më të njohura të shqipes, duke mbajtur parasysh parametrin e cekur më sipër.
Includes bibliographical references. ; 2019 Fall. ; Water underpins the survival of the ecosystem and of human civilization, which exists within a certain delicate balance. Water is especially crucial to the economic development of developing countries that happen to have limited water supplies. The state of Turkey once called Asia Minor for its large size, has relatively more freshwater supplies than most countries in the Middle East. However, the interior of Turkey, in which the Akarçay Basin is located is water scarce. The Akarçay River Basin, one of 25 rives basins in Turkey, is located in a semi-arid region of the country. It has several towns and villages as well as a thriving agricultural sector, in addition to some manufacturing, mining, and tourism. The basin has two large lakes around which lots of fruits and vegetables are grown for local consumption and for exporting to the rest of Turkey. The hydrological pressures in this basin have been mounting due to physical water scarcity, elevated water needs of the domestic and agricultural sectors, rising frequency of droughts, and declining water quality due to high levels of pollution. Despite the agricultural importance of the Akarçay Basin, there is a dearth of studies in water resources planning and management. This thesis seeks to assess the status of water management in the Akarçay Basin and to develop policy options for sustainable management of water resources in this important region. The research also analyzes institutional and planning frameworks of how river basins have been managed in Turkey and examines actors and institutions, historical experiences, and geographic contexts of two basins in developed countries, the Colorado River Basin in North America and the Murray-Darling Basin in Australia, as well as water challenges in two developing countries, namely Iran, and Saudi Arabia in the Middle East. This multiple case study approach is useful in understanding successful water management practices that can provide insights for decision-makers in the Akarçay Basin. The thesis finds that over the last few decades, water resources in the Akarçay Basin have been managed unsustainably. This is mostly due to poor governance and government indecision in finalizing a modern comprehensive water law. Furthermore, it finds that the basin has a complex water management system where responsibilities are not well-defined. That is to say; numerous institutions have overlapping responsibilities that often do not coordinate with one another. In addition, climate change is projected to affect the availability of water supplies in the basin adversely. Finally, the thesis proposes a few policy recommendations for how to sustainably manage water supplies in the basin.
The people of Kosovo are rightly described as people who have suffered through many years of injustice. Kosovo's path to liberation and detachment from Serbian injustice was difficult and with profound consequences. Kosovo's efforts for freedom and independence were long-lasting, but they took an active start during the 1980s and 1990s. The abolition of Kosovo's autonomy given to it by the constitution of 1974 enabled Kosovo to actively begin the path to liberation and independence. This written material interlinks the events that took place during 1989-1999 that followed Kosovo until its liberation. Protests ranging from miners to students of the University of Prishtina, the Constitution of Kacanik, then political movements, military movements alluding to the KLA's emergence, talks and various international efforts to find a solution more peaceful on the Kosovo's issue, the Rambuje talks, the Reçak massacre and many events that followed this journey of Kosovo alluded to NATO's humanitarian intervention and the Kosovo's issue to appear before the world as a perennial injustice to an innocent country and population. Milosevic's capitulation through the intervention of NATO and the international community led Kosovo to embark on a new journey through the international protectorate and transition that would allude to Kosovo's independence. The purpose of this analysis is to highlight the challenges that Kosovo has faced over the years, with an emphasis on the political and diplomatic level. Through descriptive, analytical and comparative methods we will attempt to elaborate on Kosovo's journey through 1989-99, as well as to highlight the significance of events during this decade, events which influenced the Kosovo's process to result in liberation and later with the proclamation of the independence of Kosovo.
Within the walls of this two-story storefront, a distinct alternative practice of radical politics and life is taking place. In fact, what would appear to be an extension of the Kurdish social movement, as it is understood, is being practiced against a backdrop of the refugee experience within the metropolitan city limits of Toronto. This practice of what is arguably feminist anarchism has become known in the recent years by the title "Democratic Confederalism" (Öcalan 2011). Democratic Confederalism in its feminist anarchist framework reflects our understanding of what is known within the Marxist tradition today as "the commons" (Federici & Linebaugh 2018). This paper seeks to show that the Kurdish Community Centre has, over nearly three decades, established for its members within Toronto a space that attempts to practice a radical feminist politics mirroring our understanding of "the commons". However, similar to the dilemma of most leftist social movements, struggles with the divide between theory and praxis across space and time mark the centre's main concerns. Exclusive to the diasporic experince, the Kurdish refugees are faced with trying to navigate their anti-state Kurdish revolutionary struggle within a nation that has provided them refuge. This paper will explore what is understood as "komal" (community) and how have these community centres come to represent the Kurdish social movement in diaspora spaces through refugee lived experiences—particularly the Kurdish woman's.
One significant geopolitical consequence of the demise of the Soviet Union was the rise of intense political and commercial competition for control over the vast energy resources of the newly independent and vulnerable states of the Caucasus and Central Asia. Following the collapse of Communism, the ex-Soviet republics of Central Asia, particularly Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan, have been trying to exploit their natural resources, since they consider oil to be the prime means of securing their economic and political independence. This article is an independent analysis of the main issues facing the oil and gas sector developments in the countries of the former Soviet Union gifted with major petroleum resources: Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Azerbaijan in Transcaucasia. Will Caspian oil redraw the global energy map? What is the importance of the Caspian oil for the world market? And what is Caspian energy potential in Central Asian history?
On their way to the European Union structures for Albanian governmental institutions it is extremely crucial to improve the management procedures in order to make progress towards European standards and achieve the relevant level of operational efficiency and transparency. Bearing this in mind the Government of Albania has adopted a comprehensive policy reform program to strengthen Albania institutional and governance capacity. A major element of this program involves the strengthening of the Albanian State Police, which was initiated in 1998 by adapting of the Total Information Management System initiative. Acquiring a tool for an effective resource management processes seems to be the consecutive step towards creation of a modern police force modeled after best European standards. As it regards organization of resource management procedures within Albanian State Police, they are controlled by the Ministry of Interior, but it the long-term perspective ASP will be given the power to manage independently its financial and material resources in order to enhance its autonomy and to minimize the risk of political interference. Until the reform process is completed, it is essential to ensure the improvement of resource management, since it will guarantee the continuity and effectiveness of the desired changes. Also, the Ministry of Interior (MoI) and Albanian State Police (ASP) do not have an integrated system for human, financial and material resources management. Almost all information is recorded manually in registers in separate offices centrally as well as in respective regional ASP Directorates / Commissariats. The decision making processes are therefore slow and inefficient since it is impossible to extract the essential detailed and comprehensive information and then to analyze those data in a timely manner, which in effect leads to the costly and inefficient management.
Earlier this 2015, an academic at Ankara University's political sciences department spent an evening writing questions for an exam. He never for one minute suspected that one of those questions might lead to death threats. Here, Genc reports on the struggle for academic freedom in Turkey's election year. Adapted from the source document.
People all over the world watched and talked about Turkey, but those inside it lost some of the most crucial digital platforms they use to communicate their thoughts to those who watch them from afar. For Western observers, Turkey might already have been closing its borders to the outside world with its foreign policy over the last decade. To understand Turkey's relationship with the outside world, and discussions of the idea of 'foreignness' and freedoms advocated by the West, Genc looks back a few years to see how it arrived at its current semi-closed position. Adapted from the source document.
The following paper focuses on the main moments of the history of Çamëria (Chameria), a historical and disputed region between Albania and Greece, from the 18th century through the birth of the Albanian National Movement in the 19th century, the Balkan Wars of 1913-1914, the annexation of most of the region to Greece in 1913, the turbulent period of the 2nd world War, the war crimes on both sides and the ethnic motivated genocide and expulsion of the Cham population from Greece from the Greek nationalists of EDES in its aftermath and its implications in the Greek-Albanian relations up to the present. Along with the historical evolution other related issues are treated as well, such as the religious division of the Cham (and Epirote) population, ethnicity and language in the pre-nationalistic milieu of the 17th-18th century, the various factors and reasons which determined the rise and developing of different political allegiances along religious lines among the Cham population during the 19th and 20th century
