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Deinstitutionalization is a transition from institutional care or other segregating services to a system that enables independent living for people with disabilities in the community. The Ministry of Social Security and Labor of the Republic of Lithuania, municipalities, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and social care institutions participate in this process. Changes in social care policy at the legal and practical levels depend on the interaction between these parties. The aim of the dissertation was to deconstruct the process of transformation of social care policy and its connection with human rights, as well as the interaction of participants of deinstitutionalization process in creating the content of community services. Combination of the agency and ecological systems theory and a comprehensive study on deinstitutionalisation identified key obstacles to transformation, including differing interests of participants of deinstitutionalization process, their opportunism, information asymmetry, lack of political leadership and cross-sectoral responsibility, and the exclusion of people with disabilities. People with disabilities are involved in the deinstitutionalization process only as objects (recipients of services), yet they lack opportunity to participate in the policy planning. Additionally, the results of the research revealed a threat of possible trans-institutionalization, which refers to maintaining the "old" institutional culture and structure, stigma, community resistance, and other aspects not directly related to the participants of deinstitutionalization process. This may leads to situation when people with disabilities are being simply 'placed' in the community instead of being given the opportunity for meaningfully engagement and participation within the community.

Deinstitutionalization is a transition from institutional care or other segregating services to a system that enables independent living for people with disabilities in the community. The Ministry of Social Security and Labor of the Republic of Lithuania, municipalities, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and social care institutions participate in this process. Changes in social care policy at the legal and practical levels depend on the interaction between these parties. The aim of the dissertation was to deconstruct the process of transformation of social care policy and its connection with human rights, as well as the interaction of participants of deinstitutionalization process in creating the content of community services. Combination of the agency and ecological systems theory and a comprehensive study on deinstitutionalisation identified key obstacles to transformation, including differing interests of participants of deinstitutionalization process, their opportunism, information asymmetry, lack of political leadership and cross-sectoral responsibility, and the exclusion of people with disabilities. People with disabilities are involved in the deinstitutionalization process only as objects (recipients of services), yet they lack opportunity to participate in the policy planning. Additionally, the results of the research revealed a threat of possible trans-institutionalization, which refers to maintaining the "old" institutional culture and structure, stigma, community resistance, and other aspects not directly related to the participants of deinstitutionalization process. This may leads to situation when people with disabilities are being simply 'placed' in the community instead of being given the opportunity for meaningfully engagement and participation within the community.

Deinstitutionalization is a transition from institutional care or other segregating services to a system that enables independent living for people with disabilities in the community. The Ministry of Social Security and Labor of the Republic of Lithuania, municipalities, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and social care institutions participate in this process. Changes in social care policy at the legal and practical levels depend on the interaction between these parties. The aim of the dissertation was to deconstruct the process of transformation of social care policy and its connection with human rights, as well as the interaction of participants of deinstitutionalization process in creating the content of community services. Combination of the agency and ecological systems theory and a comprehensive study on deinstitutionalisation identified key obstacles to transformation, including differing interests of participants of deinstitutionalization process, their opportunism, information asymmetry, lack of political leadership and cross-sectoral responsibility, and the exclusion of people with disabilities. People with disabilities are involved in the deinstitutionalization process only as objects (recipients of services), yet they lack opportunity to participate in the policy planning. Additionally, the results of the research revealed a threat of possible trans-institutionalization, which refers to maintaining the "old" institutional culture and structure, stigma, community resistance, and other aspects not directly related to the participants of deinstitutionalization process. This may leads to situation when people with disabilities are being simply 'placed' in the community instead of being given the opportunity for meaningfully engagement and participation within the community.

Deinstitutionalization is a transition from institutional care or other segregating services to a system that enables independent living for people with disabilities in the community. The Ministry of Social Security and Labor of the Republic of Lithuania, municipalities, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and social care institutions participate in this process. Changes in social care policy at the legal and practical levels depend on the interaction between these parties. The aim of the dissertation was to deconstruct the process of transformation of social care policy and its connection with human rights, as well as the interaction of participants of deinstitutionalization process in creating the content of community services. Combination of the agency and ecological systems theory and a comprehensive study on deinstitutionalisation identified key obstacles to transformation, including differing interests of participants of deinstitutionalization process, their opportunism, information asymmetry, lack of political leadership and cross-sectoral responsibility, and the exclusion of people with disabilities. People with disabilities are involved in the deinstitutionalization process only as objects (recipients of services), yet they lack opportunity to participate in the policy planning. Additionally, the results of the research revealed a threat of possible trans-institutionalization, which refers to maintaining the "old" institutional culture and structure, stigma, community resistance, and other aspects not directly related to the participants of deinstitutionalization process. This may leads to situation when people with disabilities are being simply 'placed' in the community instead of being given the opportunity for meaningfully engagement and participation within the community.

Deinstitutionalization is a transition from institutional care or other segregating services to a system that enables independent living for people with disabilities in the community. The Ministry of Social Security and Labor of the Republic of Lithuania, municipalities, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and social care institutions participate in this process. Changes in social care policy at the legal and practical levels depend on the interaction between these parties. The aim of the dissertation was to deconstruct the process of transformation of social care policy and its connection with human rights, as well as the interaction of participants of deinstitutionalization process in creating the content of community services. Combination of the agency and ecological systems theory and a comprehensive study on deinstitutionalisation identified key obstacles to transformation, including differing interests of participants of deinstitutionalization process, their opportunism, information asymmetry, lack of political leadership and cross-sectoral responsibility, and the exclusion of people with disabilities. People with disabilities are involved in the deinstitutionalization process only as objects (recipients of services), yet they lack opportunity to participate in the policy planning. Additionally, the results of the research revealed a threat of possible trans-institutionalization, which refers to maintaining the "old" institutional culture and structure, stigma, community resistance, and other aspects not directly related to the participants of deinstitutionalization process. This may leads to situation when people with disabilities are being simply 'placed' in the community instead of being given the opportunity for meaningfully engagement and participation within the community.

Deinstitutionalization is a transition from institutional care or other segregating services to a system that enables independent living for people with disabilities in the community. The Ministry of Social Security and Labor of the Republic of Lithuania, municipalities, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and social care institutions participate in this process. Changes in social care policy at the legal and practical levels depend on the interaction between these parties. The aim of the dissertation was to deconstruct the process of transformation of social care policy and its connection with human rights, as well as the interaction of participants of deinstitutionalization process in creating the content of community services. Combination of the agency and ecological systems theory and a comprehensive study on deinstitutionalisation identified key obstacles to transformation, including differing interests of participants of deinstitutionalization process, their opportunism, information asymmetry, lack of political leadership and cross-sectoral responsibility, and the exclusion of people with disabilities. People with disabilities are involved in the deinstitutionalization process only as objects (recipients of services), yet they lack opportunity to participate in the policy planning. Additionally, the results of the research revealed a threat of possible trans-institutionalization, which refers to maintaining the "old" institutional culture and structure, stigma, community resistance, and other aspects not directly related to the participants of deinstitutionalization process. This may leads to situation when people with disabilities are being simply 'placed' in the community instead of being given the opportunity for meaningfully engagement and participation within the community.

Deinstitutionalization is a transition from institutional care or other segregating services to a system that enables independent living for people with disabilities in the community. The Ministry of Social Security and Labor of the Republic of Lithuania, municipalities, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and social care institutions participate in this process. Changes in social care policy at the legal and practical levels depend on the interaction between these parties. The aim of the dissertation was to deconstruct the process of transformation of social care policy and its connection with human rights, as well as the interaction of participants of deinstitutionalization process in creating the content of community services. Combination of the agency and ecological systems theory and a comprehensive study on deinstitutionalisation identified key obstacles to transformation, including differing interests of participants of deinstitutionalization process, their opportunism, information asymmetry, lack of political leadership and cross-sectoral responsibility, and the exclusion of people with disabilities. People with disabilities are involved in the deinstitutionalization process only as objects (recipients of services), yet they lack opportunity to participate in the policy planning. Additionally, the results of the research revealed a threat of possible trans-institutionalization, which refers to maintaining the "old" institutional culture and structure, stigma, community resistance, and other aspects not directly related to the participants of deinstitutionalization process. This may leads to situation when people with disabilities are being simply 'placed' in the community instead of being given the opportunity for meaningfully engagement and participation within the community.

Deinstitutionalization is a transition from institutional care or other segregating services to a system that enables independent living for people with disabilities in the community. The Ministry of Social Security and Labor of the Republic of Lithuania, municipalities, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and social care institutions participate in this process. Changes in social care policy at the legal and practical levels depend on the interaction between these parties. The aim of the dissertation was to deconstruct the process of transformation of social care policy and its connection with human rights, as well as the interaction of participants of deinstitutionalization process in creating the content of community services. Combination of the agency and ecological systems theory and a comprehensive study on deinstitutionalisation identified key obstacles to transformation, including differing interests of participants of deinstitutionalization process, their opportunism, information asymmetry, lack of political leadership and cross-sectoral responsibility, and the exclusion of people with disabilities. People with disabilities are involved in the deinstitutionalization process only as objects (recipients of services), yet they lack opportunity to participate in the policy planning. Additionally, the results of the research revealed a threat of possible trans-institutionalization, which refers to maintaining the "old" institutional culture and structure, stigma, community resistance, and other aspects not directly related to the participants of deinstitutionalization process. This may leads to situation when people with disabilities are being simply 'placed' in the community instead of being given the opportunity for meaningfully engagement and participation within the community.

The global coronovirus (Covid-19) pandemic has been revealed what about half of the world's deaths are recorded in large institutions of the elderly and people with disabilities, and these are later thought to be incentives for states to take active deinstitutionalisation efforts. In order for deinstitutionalisation actions to respond to its ideological origins, which lie in the provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, in the necessary legal instruments and in clarifying that Member States are responsible. The article reveals how the deinstitutionalisation processes that have already started are implemented and evaluated in Central and Eastern Europe and discusses their problems. Content analysis was used to investigate the Soviet regime, leading to the implementation of official and alternative (shadow) reports on the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.

In Lithuania the deinstitutionalisation of children left without parental care is being implemented since 2014. The term of transformation is more recognizable in the political context of the country. Various alternative services to institutional care are being developed during the transformation process, but some have become massive and overly institutional in nature (e.g., community children living homes), while the institute of professional caregivers has not gained popular attention when comparing child care rates across different alternatives. This article presents and discusses the activities of care centers that train permanent guardians (caregivers) and professional guardians. The article presents a research during which the staff of the care center evaluated the effectiveness of the activities of the care center and the guardians on duty. The results of the study revealed that care centers face the risk of projectivity at both micro and macro levels. Cooperation and support between the Ministry of Social security and labout and municipalities and other institutions is also very important for the effectiveness of care centers.

In Lithuania the deinstitutionalisation of children left without parental care is being implemented since 2014. The term of transformation is more recognizable in the political context of the country. Various alternative services to institutional care are being developed during the transformation process, but some have become massive and overly institutional in nature (e.g., community children living homes), while the institute of professional caregivers has not gained popular attention when comparing child care rates across different alternatives. This article presents and discusses the activities of care centers that train permanent guardians (caregivers) and professional guardians. The article presents a research during which the staff of the care center evaluated the effectiveness of the activities of the care center and the guardians on duty. The results of the study revealed that care centers face the risk of projectivity at both micro and macro levels. Cooperation and support between the Ministry of Social security and labout and municipalities and other institutions is also very important for the effectiveness of care centers. ; Lietuvoje nuo 2014 metų įgyvendinama vaikų globos namų deinstitucionalizacija, šalies politiniame kontekste labiau atpažįstama pertvarkos terminu. Pertvarkos proceso metu kuriamos įvairios alternatyvios institucinės globos paslaugos, tačiau vienos jų tapo masinėmis ir pernelyg institucinio pobūdžio (pvz., bendruomeniniai vaikų globos namai), o profesionalių globėjų institutas, lyginant vaiko globos mastą skirtingose alternatyvose, nesulaukė populiaraus dėmesio. Šiame straipsnyje pristatoma ir aptariama globos centrų, rengiančių nuolatinius globėjus (rūpintojus) ir budinčius (profesionalius) globotojus, veikla. Straipsnyje pristatomas tyrimas, kurio metu globos centro darbuotojai vertino globos centro ir budinčių globotojų veiklos veiksmingumą.

In Lithuania the deinstitutionalisation of children left without parental care is being implemented since 2014. The term of transformation is more recognizable in the political context of the country. Various alternative services to institutional care are being developed during the transformation process, but some have become massive and overly institutional in nature (e.g., community children living homes), while the institute of professional caregivers has not gained popular attention when comparing child care rates across different alternatives. This article presents and discusses the activities of care centers that train permanent guardians (caregivers) and professional guardians. The article presents a research during which the staff of the care center evaluated the effectiveness of the activities of the care center and the guardians on duty. The results of the study revealed that care centers face the risk of projectivity at both micro and macro levels. Cooperation and support between the Ministry of Social security and labout and municipalities and other institutions is also very important for the effectiveness of care centers.

In Lithuania the deinstitutionalisation of children left without parental care is being implemented since 2014. The term of transformation is more recognizable in the political context of the country. Various alternative services to institutional care are being developed during the transformation process, but some have become massive and overly institutional in nature (e.g., community children living homes), while the institute of professional caregivers has not gained popular attention when comparing child care rates across different alternatives. This article presents and discusses the activities of care centers that train permanent guardians (caregivers) and professional guardians. The article presents a research during which the staff of the care center evaluated the effectiveness of the activities of the care center and the guardians on duty. The results of the study revealed that care centers face the risk of projectivity at both micro and macro levels. Cooperation and support between the Ministry of Social security and labout and municipalities and other institutions is also very important for the effectiveness of care centers.

Lietuvoje dabar vykstanti pertvarka yra didelis iššūkis sovietmečiu sukurtai ir iki šiol veikiančiai stacionarios globos sistemai. Nepaisant kritikos dėl žmogaus teisių pažeidimų ir neracionalaus išteklių naudojimo, stacionarios globos paslaugos dažniausiai yra vienintelė alternatyva ilgalaikės globos reikalingiems psichosocialinę negalią ar intelekto sutrikimą turintiems asmenims. Pasitelkus institucionalizmo teoriją, straipsnyje nagrinėjamas sistemos pasipriešinimas pokyčiams ir daromos išvados, kad globos įstaigos siekia išlaikyti turimą galią ir šiam tikslui pasitelkia finansinius, žmogiškuosius ir techninius išteklius, konjunktūrinius ryšius. Taip pat matomas ydingas globos įstaigų funkcionavimo ratas: būtinybė izoliuoti negalią turinčius asmenis argumentuojama jų nesavarankiškumu ir tolerancijos stoka visuomenėje, kartu pačių įstaigų veikla atskiria globos reikalingus asmenis ir slopina jų savarankiškumą.

The deinstitutionalization of social care in Lithuania started in 2012 after the adoption of the strategic guidelines by the Ministry of Social Security and Labour. The goal of this reform was to improve the care conditions and introduce new community-based services for persons with disabilities. Almost ten years of the reform resulted in only five percent of persons with disabilities who moved to community settings, mainly group-living homes. The slow-motion of the reform, as well as the tensions in the communities, suggests the need for a thorough analysis of the process of deinstitutionalization and its improvement.
Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory is applied as a conceptual and methodological tool for understanding the roles of deinstitutionalization agents at different levels, including the Ministry of Social Security and Labour, municipalities, non-governmental organizations, social care institutions, and local communities. All of these agents are involved and diversely interact among themselves during the transformation process of the social care system. The ecological theory provides the necessary integrated approach to the analysis of the process of deinstitutionalization of the social care system at the micro-, meso-, exo-, and macro levels.
Deinstitutionalization and the trajectories of its participants reveal resilient connections with different fields of the ecological system and show that different system components not only represent different systems but become microsystems themselves that affect all elements in the ecological system.
The complexity of environmental systems constitutes the basis of ecological systems theory. It serves as a lens to guide the analysis of the transformation of a particular person's life in the context of deinstitutionalization. Herewith, it is an appropriate tool for understanding the impact of deinstitutionalization on specific local communities.