Suchergebnisse

Tables. ; Signed (p. [iii]): George Johnson, statistician. ; Includes appendix. ; At head of title: Appendix to the Report of the minister of agriculture for 1894. ; "Printed by order of Parliament." ; Electronic reproduction. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; 44

Climate change negatively impacts human health, and yet the healthcare industry is one of the largest generators of waste and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A significant portion of these GHG emissions comes from the production, transport, and disposal of medical equipment, ultimately becoming waste. Within the hospital, about 30 percent of waste is generated in the operating room (OR). The purpose of this study was to determine how much waste was leaving the OR. Two 5‐day OR audits at the Minneapolis Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Service found that 231.3 kg of total waste was generated per day, of which 84.5, 8.83, 2.79, and 3.88 percent were general, recyclable, biohazard, and blue wrap waste, respectively. By studying the amounts and types of waste that different hospitals produce, a systems‐approach could be applied to waste reduction in the OR and effect policy change that would promote environmental sustainability in the hospital setting.

The aim of this Cochrane review was to find out if prescribing by health professionals other than doctors delivers comparable outcomes to prescribing by doctors. Cochrane researchers collected and analysed all relevant studies to answer this question and found 46 studies. Key messages With appropriate training and support, nurses and pharmacists are able to prescribe medicines as part of managing a range of conditions to achieve comparable health management outcomes to doctors. The majority of studies focus on chronic disease management in higher-income counties where there is generally a moderate-certainty of evidence supporting similar outcomes for the markers of disease in high blood pressure, diabetes, and high cholesterol. Further high-quality studies are needed in poorer countries and to better quantify differences in prescribing outcomes for adverse events, and to determine health economic outcomes. Further studies could also focus more specifically on the prescribing component of care. What was studied in the review? A number of countries allow health professionals other than doctors to prescribe medicines. This shift in roles is thought to provide improved and timely access to medicines for consumers where there are shortages of doctors or the health system is facing pressures in coping with the burden of disease. In addition, this task shift has been supported by a number of governments as a way to more appropriately use the skills of health professionals, such as nurses and pharmacists, in the care of patients. We compared the outcomes of any healthcare workers who were prescribing with a high degree of autonomy with medical prescribers in the hospital or community setting in low-, middle- and high-income countries. What are the main results of the review? This review found 45 studies where nurses and pharmacists with high levels of prescribing autonomy were compared with usual care medical prescribers. A further study compared nurse prescribing with guideline support with usual nurse prescribing ...

Abstract Background The Local Government Area of Gosford implemented a water fluoridation scheme in 2008. Therefore the opportunity was taken to record the dental health of primary school children aged 5–7 years prior to the fluoridation and compare the results with other communities in NSW with different access to fluoridated water. The aim was to compare the oral health of New South Wales (Australia)s 5–7 year olds living in fluoridated, and non- fluoridated communities. One of the areas was due to implement water fluoridation and is termed the pre-fluoridation site. Methods Pupils in the first year of Public and Catholic Schools in three areas of NSW were recruited. Class lists were used to draw a sample of approximately 900 per area. This number allowed for a non-response rate of up to 30 per cent and would give a sample sufficient numbers to allow statistical inferences to be drawn. Children whose parents consented received a dental examination and the clinical data was collected on mark sense cards. Results In the 3 areas the proportion of children who received a dental examination varied; 77.5% (n = 825) for the fluoridated area, 80.1% (n = 781) for the pre-fluoridated area and 55.3% (n = 523) for the non-fluoridated area. The mean dmft was 1.40 for the fluoridated area, 2.02 for the pre-fluoridated area and 2.09 for the non-fluoridated area. These differences were statistically significant (p < 0.01). Differences were also noted in the proportion of children who were caries free, 62.6% fluoridated area, 50.8% for the pre-fluoride area and 48.6% for the non-fluoride location. Conclusion The children living in the well-established fluoridated area had less dental caries and a higher proportion free from disease when compared with the other two areas which were not fluoridated. Fluoridation demonstrated a clear benefit in terms of better oral health for young children.

Section VI has t.-p.: Ontario as a home for the British tenant farmer . Issued by authority of the government of Ontario. Hon. Charles Drury, M.P.P., Commissioner of Immigration. David Spence, Secretary Immigration Department. Toronto, Printed by Warwick & Sons, 1888. This section includes Education system for the province of Ontario . Toronto, 1886. ; Section V has t.-p.: General sketch of the province of Quebec, by Hon. Honore Mercier . Quebec, 1889. ; Section III has a special t.-p.: New Brunswick: (Canada) its resources, progress and advantages, by Charles H. Lugrin . Published by authority of the government of New Brunswick, 1886. ; "The first 160 pages are a reprint of the excellent handbook recently published by the Dominion Government, this portion . being from the . pen of George Johnson."--Pref. ; Sections 1, 3, 5, 6 and [6a] also published separately. ; Each of the 11 sections has separate paging. ; I. Dominion of Canada.--II. Nova Scotia.--III. New Brunswick.--IV. Prince Edward Island.--V. Province of Quebec.--VI. Ontario.--[VIa] Educational system of the province of Ontario.--VII. Manitoba.--VIII. The North West territories.--IX. British Columbia.--X. Canadian cities. ; Mode of access: Internet.