Suchergebnisse

"The world food crisis (1972-1975) gave rise to new development concepts. To eradicate world hunger, small peasants were supposed to use 'modern' inputs like high-yielding seeds, fertilizer, pesticides and irrigation. This would turn subsistence producers into business owners, transform rural areas, invigorate national economies and the crisis-stricken world economy and thus stabilize capitalism. Together with an in-depth account of the world food crisis, this book analyses how this global scheme largely failed. It shows its diverse initiators, their reasoning and motives, its political breakthrough, the degrees to which it was implemented globally and nationally in the following decades and its socioeconomic effects in rural areas. Despite internationally coordinated policies and coercive means, the scheme failed on all levels: situation analysis, design, policies, incapable institutions (including big business), implementation and peasants' responses. Selective realization in certain regions and for certain crops and the appropriation of funds by local elites often aggravated inequality and hunger. Case studies are about Bangladesh, Indonesia, Tanzania and Mali. The book shows limits to global social engineering, imperialism and state control. It aims at students, scholars, activists and non-specialists interested in development and the world food problem"--

The world food crisis (1972–1975) gave rise to new development concepts. To eradicate world hunger, small peasants were supposed to use 'modern' inputs like high-yielding seeds, fertilizer, pesticides and irrigation. This would turn subsistence producers into business owners, transform rural areas, invigorate national economies and the crisis-stricken world economy and thus stabilize capitalism. Together with an in-depth account of the world food crisis, this book analyses how this global scheme largely failed. It shows its diverse initiators, their reasoning and motives, its political breakthrough, the degrees to which it was implemented globally and nationally in the following decades and its socioeconomic effects in rural areas. Despite internationally coordinated policies and coercive means, the scheme failed on all levels: situation analysis, design, policies, incapable institutions (including big business), implementation and peasants' responses. Selective realization in certain regions and for certain crops and the appropriation of funds by local elites often aggravated inequality and hunger. Case studies are about Bangladesh, Indonesia, Tanzania and Mali. The book shows limits to global social engineering, imperialism and state control. It is aimed at students, scholars, activists and non-specialists interested in development and the world food problem.

Intro -- Contents -- Introduction: Social histories of persecution and mass violence -- Labor -- Strategies of survival: Genocide and Armenian deportee labor, 1915-1918 -- Comparing Jewish labor in Poland, 1942-1945, and Armenian labor in the Ottoman Empire, 1915-1918 -- Family -- The family under duress: A male perspective -- "He was in our home like our own child": Discourses of surrogacy and family relations after the Holocaust -- Displacement -- Strangers in a strange land: Refugees in Belarusian society under German occupation (1941-1944) -- Caught between the guerrilla and the colonial state: Refugee life in Northern Mozambique during the Independence War (1964-1974) -- Space -- Space and place: Placing everyday life during the Holocaust -- Hiding in the attic: Sounds and social situation -- Collective action -- Auditory quarrels, rage and collective action: A street singer and his audience within the web of the ghetto society -- People Fell Like Flies: How Yiddish songs document history and collective action during the Holocaust in the Soviet Union -- Mass violence as a social process -- A local history of the Sobibór death camp and Nazi occupation -- Society after violence -- Orphans building homes: Forgotten remnants of the Armenian deportations in South Jordan -- List of authors -- Index.

"This major reinterpretation of the Holocaust surveys the destruction of the European Jews within the broader context of Nazi violence against other victim groups. Christian Gerlach offers a unique social history of mass violence which reveals why particular groups were persecuted and what it was that connected the fate of these groups and the policies against them. He explores the diverse ideological, political and economic motivations which lay behind the murder of the Jews and charts the changing dynamics of persecution during the course of the war. The book brings together both German actions and those of non-German states and societies, shedding new light on the different groups and vested interests involved and their role in the persecution of non-Jews as well. Ranging across continental Europe, it reveals that popular notions of race were often more important in shaping persecution than scientific racism or Nazi dogma"--

"Violence is a fact of human life. This book trace the social roots of the extraordinary processes of human destruction involved in mass violence throughout the twentieth century. Christian Gerlach shows that terms such as 'genocide' and 'ethnic cleansing' are too narrow to explain the diverse motives and interests that cause violence to spread in varying forms and intensities from killings and expulsions to enforced hunger, collective rape, strategic bombing, forced labour and imprisonment. He explores what happened before, during, and after periods of wide-spread bloodshed in Armenia, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Greece and anti-guerilla wars in order to highlight the crucial role of socio-economic pressures in the generation of group conflicts. By focussing on why so many different people participated in or supported mass violence, and why different groups were victimized, the author offers us a new way of understanding one of the most disturbing phenomena of our times"--

Die gemischte Sacheinlage betrifft eine altbekannte Thematik der Kapitalaufbringung im Recht der Kapitalgesellschaften. Es geht dabei um Fälle, in denen der Einlageschuldner eine Sacheinlage erbringt und hierfür im Gegenzug Mitgliedschaftsrechte sowie eine Zusatzvergütung (sei es in bar, sei es in sonstiger Weise) erhält. Obwohl es sich bei der gemischten Sacheinlage um eine praktisch häufig anzutreffende Einlageform handelt, sind viele Fragen bis heute nicht abschließend geklärt. Dies nimmt der Autor zum Anlass, um sich mit der Bestimmung des Tatbestands und der Rechtsfolgen einer gemischten Sacheinlage auseinanderzusetzen. Ferner untersucht er die Fälle, in denen eine Bareinlage vereinbart wurde, der Gesellschaft aber wirtschaftlich betrachtet eine gemischte Sacheinlage zugeflossen ist (sog. verdeckte gemischte Sacheinlage). Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit liegt in der Auseinandersetzung mit der Fallkonstellation, in der die Gesellschafter eine Sacheinlage vereinbaren, jedoch das Element der Zusatzvergütung dem Rechtsverkehr nicht offenlegen (sog. gemischte Sacheinlage mit verdeckter Zusatzvergütung). / »Mixed Contribution in Kind« -- The capital of a corporation can be accomplished by contributions in kind. In some cases, an investor receives for a contribution in kind besides his shares an additional remuneration in cash or otherwise (mixed contribution in kind). The author specifies the definition of a mixed contribution in kind. Furthermore he examines cases in which the mixed contribution in kind in total or just an additional remuneration is obscured

"Ausgehend von Theorien zur Entstehung von Hunger skizziert der Beitrag Besonderheiten von Massenhunger und seine politischen Implikationen im 20. Jahrhundert und schlägt aus globalhistorischer Perspektive neue Forschungsfelder vor." (Autorenreferat)

Wie kaum ein Gebiet unter deutscher Herrschaft ist Weißrußland im Zweiten Weltkrieg zerstört und die Zahl seiner Bevölkerung durch brutale Mordaktionen dezimiert worden. Die Vernichtungspolitik gegenüber allen betroffenen Bevölkerungsgruppen läßt sich nur durch einen umfassenden Zugriff auf Ziele und Politik deutscher Zentral- und Besatzungsbehörden und das Vorgehen von SS, Wehrmacht und Polizei hinreichend untersuchen. Durch die Verbindung von Wirtschafts-, Alltags- und politischer Geschichte werden die Zusammenhänge, die zwischen Wirtschaftsinteressen und Massenmord bestanden, deutlich. Christian Gerlach, Dr. phil., Historiker, Professor für Zeitgeschichte an der Universität Bern. Arbeitsschwerpunkte: Globale und transnationale Geschichte; europäische Geschichte der Moderne; deutsche Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte; vergleichende Studien zur Massengewalt.