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A detailed investigation into the sources of domestic saving
and its uses by various sectors can provide us with a more complete
insight into behaviour with respect to saving, portfolio selection, and
the pattern of financial interrelationship among sectors. The saving(s)
of each sector is defined as the excess of its income (y) over its
expenditure on current consumption (c), i.e., s = y—c. Saving
(dissaving) by a sector is equivalent to increase (decrease) in the net
worth (NW) of that sector over the previous year. A sector that saves
must either acquire financial assets, i.e., money and other financial
claims, reduce financial liabilities or acquire real assets. In formal
terms, s = A net worth = A (financial assets — financial liabilities) +
A real assets1 [8]. It is quite clear that saving may be reflected in a
change of net financial assets or in a change in real asset; a change in
net holdings of financial assets may indicate either saving or a change
in holdings of real assets. It is even possible, albeit unusual, that an
increase in the level of financial-asset acquisition is associated with
a negative saving (y /. c) by a sector. However, while it dose not
measure the level of saving by a sector, the net acquisition of
financial assets does reflect the extent of transfer of resources (both
stock and flow) by the sector to other sectors.

Data on regional income and its various components are
frequently used in Pakistan in economic planning and to formulate and
evaluate other economic policies. Characteristically, these regional
income magnitudes are estimated on the basis of the prices prevailing in
different regions. Generally speaking, any comparative analysis of the
regional real incomes on the basis of such estimations is inadequate and
in certain cases misleading if the intra-regional price structure is
substantially different in various regions. Although work has been done
in measuring different components of regional income in Pakistan, no
significant effort has so far been made to measure the purchasing power
of income or its components in various regions. The focus of attention
in this study is the comparison of the purchasing power of industrial
wages in various regions in Pakistan. These index numbers may be used to
formulate a national wage policy or as a guide to better allocate
investment in different regions in the light of national economic
objectives. Strictly speaking, these index numbers of purchas¬ing power
are not applicable to components of regional income other than
in¬dustrial wages but in a broad sense they probably indicate the
direction of diver¬gence.

It is acceptable for the government play an important role in the economy. Development. For example, through public sector policy, the government plays an important role in driving economic growth. However, there seems to be debate in the business literature about whether government should play a role in de-economic development. This article expands the role of government in economic development, which is prevalent in the economic literature. If it seems that there are two opposing poles discussing whether governments should play a role in economic development, this article shows that thematic differences only talk about how many governments play a role. must play in economic development. This article explains the role of government in economic development.

Zakat is one of the pillars of Islam that has two dimensions at once, in addition to containing the dimension of worship, at the same time the charity has a social dimension, because zakat is one instrument that can be used to reduce the level of poverty. In essence, when Allah's word is understood (Q.S. At-Taubah: 103) zakat has a coercive nature, where zakat must be taken from the muzakki by using the existing power, of course by the competent party. For the case of Indonesia, as the largest Muslim country in the world zakat has enormous potential, yet at the same time existing legislation has not regulated how zakat can be taken by force by authorized institution or institution. The existence of zakat amil agency is very important in the effort of collecting and distributing zakat funds. Amil zalcat agencies should be an institution that can be an attraction for muzakki to want to be consistent and conscious in distributing zakat. Many factors affect the optimization of zakat fund collection, such as due to social marketing factor of amil zakat institution, hard effort or optimism of zakat institution, education factor, faith, income level, attitudes toward property, and socialization conducted by zakat amil agency, and other factors . The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of social marketing and amil zakat optimism, to the optimization of fundraising of zakat fund. The approach used in this research is quantitative approach, with causal relationship method. The number of samples used as many as 123 people in South Tangerang, with measuring tools using Likert scale to measure social marketing and optimism Amil Zakat. As for the test data analysis used in this study is multiple regression with the help of software SPSS 17. Results of data processing obtained regression value (R2) of 88.9% and 11.1% influenced by other factors, it states that there is influence significant between social marketing and amil zakat optimism towards fundraising optimization of zakat fund in South Tangerang City.

Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, in particular the Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex and Enterobacteriaceae, are escalating global public health threats. We review the epidemiology and prevalence of these carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria among countries in South and Southeast Asia, where the rates of resistance are some of the highest in the world. These countries house more than a third of the world's population, and several are also major medical tourism destinations. There are significant data gaps, and the almost universal lack of comprehensive surveillance programs that include molecular epidemiologic testing has made it difficult to understand the origins and extent of the problem in depth. A complex combination of factors such as inappropriate prescription of antibiotics, overstretched health systems, and international travel (including the phenomenon of medical tourism) probably led to the rapid rise and spread of these bacteria in hospitals in South and Southeast Asia. In India, Pakistan, and Vietnam, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae have also been found in the environment and community, likely as a consequence of poor environmental hygiene and sanitation. Considerable political will and effort, including from countries outside these regions, are vital in order to reduce the prevalence of such bacteria in South and Southeast Asia and prevent their global spread.