Suchergebnisse

Taking the Temperature of the Earth: Steps towards Integrated Understanding of Variability and Change presents an integrated, collaborative approach to observing and understanding various surface temperatures from a whole-Earth perspective. The book describes the progress in improving the quality of surface temperatures across different domains of the Earth's surface (air, land, sea, lakes and ice), assessing variability and long-term trends, and providing applications of surface temperature data to detect and better understand Earth system behavior. As cooperation is essential between scientific communities, whose focus on particular domains of Earth's surface and on different components of the observing system help to accelerate scientific understanding and multiply the benefits for society, this book bridges the gap between domains

Assessing the inherent uncertainties in satellite data products is a challenging task. Different technical approaches have been developed in the Earth Observation (EO) communities to address the validation problem which results in a large variety of methods as well as terminology. This paper reviews state-of-the-art methods of satellite validation and documents their similarities and differences. First, the overall validation objectives and terminologies are specified, followed by a generic mathematical formulation of the validation problem. Metrics currently used as well as more advanced EO validation approaches are introduced thereafter. An outlook on the applicability and requirements of current EO validation approaches and targets is given. ; This work has received funding from the EC FP7 Quality Assurance for Essential Climate Variables (QA4ECV) (grant agreement 607405) Project for the preparation of the Copernicus Climate Service, and the EC Horizon 2020 project GAIA-CLIM (grant agreement 640276). Parts of the work were also supported through the ESA Climate Change Initiative (CMUG and GHG-CCI) and the European Commission's eartH2Observe Project (European Union's Seventh Framework Program, grant agreement 603608).