Suchergebnisse

A crisis is looming for baby boomers and anyone else who hopes to retire in the coming years. In When I'm Sixty-Four, Teresa Ghilarducci, the nation's leading authority on the economics of retirement, explains how to confront this crisis head-on, revealing the causes behind the increasingly precarious economics of old age in America and proposing a bold plan to guarantee retirement security for every working citizen. Retirement is one of the hallmarks of a prosperous, civilized market economy. Yet in America today Social Security is on the ropes. Government and employers are dismantling pension.

The status of the elderly -- No exit -- Quality over quantity -- The life expectancy of the elderly -- Elderly poverty : higher than you think -- Big spenders and gamblers : the elderly in debt -- The social security system -- Old age and social disability insurance -- Paying your dues -- Reaping the benefits -- Who stands to gain -- Redistribution of wealth -- The freedom to work act -- Growth of beneficiaries vs. contributors -- Dependents : mouths to feed -- Do the old eat the young? -- Exploitation of Mexico -- The economic path to old age -- Welfare histories, welfare futures? -- The implications of welfare dependency -- Retirement savings habits -- Spend, spend, spend -- Debt -- Annuities -- Private pensions -- A bias in 401(k) plans -- Thinking ahead -- Who's the boss? -- Changing social norms -- From housewife to single mother -- Dependent no more : working women -- Living longer -- When the elderly work for pay -- Church ladies becoming Wal-Mart greeters -- Elder work and youth unemployment

Pensions and social insurance—key parts of the welfare state—redistribute income and wealth across class by providing, or not providing, practical and legitimate access to basic income without requiring work for pay. Mistaken attention to generational equity and austerity economics creates a set of beliefs that older people should work more, forming what the article calls an emerging "Working Longer Consensus," which is supported by three false doctrines. Using OECD data and secondary sources, the article counters each false doctrine by showing that healthy longevity gains are not distributed equally; there is no demonstrated trade-off between public spending for the elderly and children; and a greater supply of elder labor does not necessarily mean economic prosperity. The Working Longer Consensus, like the Washington Consensus, promises that pension austerity will yield economic prosperity.

Objetivo/contexto: El objetivo de este trabajo es introducir la diplomacia desde abajo como una herramienta conceptual invocada y desarrollada en el discurso y en las prácticas de un actor de los movimientos políticos de la posautonomía italiana durante sus actividades transnacionales entre 1997 y 2004. Metodología: Este artículo utiliza un enfoque cualitativo y multidisciplinario para ofrecer una herramienta teórica de referencia para el estudio de las relaciones globales de actores políticos no estatales de la sociedad civil. El objetivo de dicha herramienta es entender cómo se ubica la diplomacia desde abajo en el horizonte teórico de las ciencias sociales y propone un marco híbrido que toma en cuenta aportes diferenciados y multidisciplinarios. Las fuentes de información para el estudio fueron autores pertenecientes a las corrientes de la Italian Theory, de la English School y de los posestructuralistas. Conclusiones: Con este estudio se ofrece una nueva herramienta teórica para entender cómo se relacionan entre sí, en la arena global, los actores políticos no estatales de la sociedad civil. ; Objective/context: The present study wants to introduce 'diplomacy from below' as a conceptual tool invoked and developed in the discourse and practices of an actor of the political movements of the Italian post-autonomy during its transnational activities between the year 1997 and 2004. Methodology: This article uses a qualitative and multidisciplinary approach to provide a theoretical reference tool for the study of global relations of civil society non-state political actors. The objective of this tool is to understand how 'diplomacy from below` is placed in the theoretical horizon of social sciences by proposing a hybrid framework that takes into account differentiated and multidisciplinary contributions. The sources ofinformation for the study were authors belonging to the Italian Theory, English School and poststructuralist currents. Conclusions: This study offers a new theoretical tool to understand how civil society non-state political actors relate to each other in the global arena. ; Objetivo/contexto: o objetivo deste trabalho é introduzir a "diplomacia de baixo para cima" como uma ferramenta conceitual invocada e desenvolvida no discurso e nas práticas de um ator dos movimentos políticos da pós-autonomia italiana durante suas atividades transnacionais entre 1997 e 2004. Metodologia: este artigo utiliza uma abordagem qualitativa e multidisciplinar para oferecer uma ferramenta teórica de referência para o estudo das relações globais de atores políticos não estatais da sociedade civil. O objetivo dessa ferramenta é entender como a diplomacia de baixo para cima é posicionada no horizonte teórico das Ciências Sociais e propõe um referencial híbrido que considera contribuições diferenciadas e multidisciplinares. As fontes de informação para o estudo foram autores pertencentes às correntes da Italian Theory, da English School e do pós-estruturalismo. Conclusões: com este estudo, é oferecida uma nova ferramenta teórica para entender como são relacionados entre si, na arena global, os atores políticos não estatais da sociedade civil.

El artículo aborda una comparación diacrónica entre las prácticas y los resultados políticos y legales en los ámbitos nacional e internacional de las Madres de Plaza de Mayo en Argentina entre 1977 y 1980, y el Movimiento de Víctimas de Crímenes de Estado en Colombia entre 2005 y 2008. El actuar de estos movimientos ha plasmado los antecedentes y recopilado la evidencia que ha permitido la construcción de comisiones de la memoria en sus respectivos países. El arduo trabajo y el protagonismo de estos dos referentes, configuran las condiciones para desarrollar dicha reconstrucción y la búsqueda de la verdad y de la construcción de garantías de no repetición, además de demarcar el proceder de las organizaciones que les han sucedido.