Suchergebnisse

A serious and sophisticated examination of post-apartheid South Africa through the lens of Frantz Fanon's revolutionary humanism. Gibson, director of the Honours Programme at Emerson College in the United States and a visiting research fellow at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, considers Fanon's work and Steve Biko's analysis of the dangers of liberalism as he looks into the politics of the growing shack dwellers movement in South Africa

Table of Contents -- Dedication -- Title -- Copyright -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations for Fanon's Works -- Introduction -- An Abbreviated Biography -- Key Terms -- Answering Some Critics -- 1 The Racial Gaze: Black Slave, White Master -- The Jew and Black Consciousness -- The Triple Person: Merleau-Ponty, Sartre, and Lived Experience -- Dialectical Impasses: Hegel and the Black -- A Negative Dialectic? -- The Black and Reciprocity -- Unchaining the Dialectic -- 2 Psychoanalysis and the Black's Inferiority Complex -- Authentic Love -- Outside my Psychoanalytic Office: Fanon and Mannoni -- One Hundred Thousand Massacred -- Dream and Reality -- 3 Negritude and the Descent into a "Real Hell" -- Césaire's Remembrance of Things Past and "Return" to the Future -- Senghor and Negritude Politics -- Sartre's Orphée noir -- The Dialectics of Black Consciousness -- Fanon's Critique of Negritude -- 4 Becoming Algerian -- The Algiers School -- Beyond Ethnopsychiatry? -- The Collapse of the Division between Politics and Psychiatry: Torture(rs) -- The Deepening Violence -- The Battle of Algiers -- 5 Violent Concerns -- The Relativity at the Heart of the Absolute -- Manichean Realities -- Violence Interiorized -- Exploding Manicheanism -- The Qualifications of Violence: Descent from an Absolute -- Dizzy on Violence -- 6 Radical Mutations: Toward a Fighting Culture -- Antibiotic Attitudes -- The "Absolute Originality" of Women's Actions -- Wiring Participatory Democracy -- 7 Crossing the Dividing Line: Spontaneity and Organization -- The Subject/Object Dialectic -- Nodal Points -- The Beginning of the End of Manicheanism and the Limits of Spontaneity -- The Making of a Radical Intellectual -- Vertiginous Intellectuals -- Appendix: Fanon's periodization of the intellectual's relation with rural society -- 8 Nationalism and a New Humanism

Partant d'une réflexion sur les mouvements étudiants, cet article s'intéresse à ce que l'on a appelé le « moment fanonien » de l'Afrique du Sud. L'article adopte une posture critique vis-à-vis des usages réducteurs de l'œuvre de Fanon faisant de lui un penseur manichéen – des usages reproduits en partie par certaines avant-gardes autoproclamées, patriarcales et nationalistes, de ces mouvements. Le texte conclut en soulignant l'émergence de positionnements critiques au sein même des mouvements, ouvrant la possibilité d'une politique décoloniale et subalterne.

Reflecting on Contested Terrains and Constructed Categories: Contemporary Africa in Focus, a book George Bond and I edited during our work at the Institute of African Studies at Columbia University in the late 1990s, this paper considers the notion of contested terrains, that for George Bond was played out in the scholarship of African studies, in the daily encounters which he had with his colleagues, and in his Zambian research. Bond understood these contestations as continuously operating on and across and often taking place below the surface or at the margins of insititutions. This paper emerged in response to Bond's invitation to speak about Fanon's psychiatry writings and Fanon's critique of sociotherapy on a panel he was organizing at the American Anthropological Association in 2014 (AAA). After he died, the focus shifted to include Bond alongside Fanon and Foucault underscoring the continued need for dialog on the work of three intellectuals—African-American, African Caribbean, and French. The connections and misconnections between Fanon and Foucault is in part the discussion about contested terrains and the willfulness of constructed categories. Indeed, intellectual genealogies, the unknown connections as well as dividing lines was something that interested Bond, the anthrolopologist of the politics of knowledge.

This paper reviews post-apartheid South Africa through Fanon's critical analysis of decolonization. Since, for Fanon, apartheid represented the purest form of the Manichean politics of space that characterizes colonialism, a Fanonian perspective on South Africa asks to what extent has the geographical layout of apartheid been remapped? Addressing this question necessitates shifting the "geography of reason" from technical discourses of policy-makers to the lived reality of the "damned of the earth". From this perspective, Fanon's critique becomes relevant in two ways, first as a prism to understand the rise of xenophobic violence as a symptom of the degeneration of the idea of South Africa's "promised land" and second as a way to listen to a new grassroots shack dweller movement, Abahlali baseMjondolo, that is challenging both neoliberal and progressive assumptions by advocating a quite different geographic layout for a "truly democratic" society.