Suchergebnisse

This study examines the issue of designing and implementing public policy within conditions of interdependence where no one controls the actions of the others. The problem of improving standards of living in a way that benefits all is in this context a collective action problem ruled by both positive and negative externalities, which are respectively responsible for a lack of, and too many actions. The exploration of these externalities demonstrates that combining them facilitates their internalisation into decision making and the shift from a Nash equilibrium to a co-operative one. However, encouraging all actors involved in the pursuit of various economic and social development goals to seize the new opportunities offered in this perspective raises a governance problem. To identify solutions to this we derive from the problem of economic growth a concept of governance which is equated with the sum of policy coordination, adaptation to local conditions and participation of business and civil society in the orientation of policies. A variety of organisational tools are analysed with respect to their potential in improving governance. The instrument which proves best qualified, partnership, is further evaluated using data from the field. The analysis identifies important weaknesses within governance systems which can form the basis for designing new governance mechanisms to make public policy more effective in a knowledge-based economy which thrives on innovation. ; Cette étude examine le problème de la formulation et de la mise en oeuvre de la politique publique dans des conditions d'interdépendance où nul n'a de contrôle absolu sur les actions menées par les autres. L'enjeu de l'amélioration du niveau de vie pour le plus grand nombre est dans ce contexte un problème d'action collective régi à la fois par des externalités positives, responsables d'initiatives insuffisantes, et négatives, qui génèrent des actions trop nombreuses. L'exploration de ces externalités montre qu'en les combinant, on peut faciliter leur internalisation dans les décisions prises par les différents acteurs, ce qui permet de passer d'un équilibre de Nash à un équilibre coopératif. Amener les acteurs poursuivant des objectifs de développement économique et social divers à saisir les nouvelles opportunités offertes dans cette perspective pose cependant un problème de gouvernance. Afin d'y trouver une solution on dérive du problème de la croissance économique un concept de gouvernance lequel se traduit par la coordination des politiques, l'adaptation des politiques aux conditions locales et la participation du milieu des affaires et de la société civile à l'orientation des politiques. Différents outils organisationnels sont analysés au regard de leur potentiel pour améliorer la gouvernance. L'instrument qui s'avère le plus porteur, le partenariat, est évalué en utilisant des données du terrain. L'analyse identifie des faiblesses importantes qui permettent en retour de formuler des mécanismes de gouvernance utiles pour rendre l'action publique plus efficace dans une économie du savoir qui mise sur l'innovation.

This study examines the issue of designing and implementing public policy within conditions of interdependence where no one controls the actions of the others. The problem of improving standards of living in a way that benefits all is in this context a collective action problem ruled by both positive and negative externalities, which are respectively responsible for a lack of, and too many actions. The exploration of these externalities demonstrates that combining them facilitates their internalisation into decision making and the shift from a Nash equilibrium to a co-operative one. However, encouraging all actors involved in the pursuit of various economic and social development goals to seize the new opportunities offered in this perspective raises a governance problem. To identify solutions to this we derive from the problem of economic growth a concept of governance which is equated with the sum of policy coordination, adaptation to local conditions and participation of business and civil society in the orientation of policies. A variety of organisational tools are analysed with respect to their potential in improving governance. The instrument which proves best qualified, partnership, is further evaluated using data from the field. The analysis identifies important weaknesses within governance systems which can form the basis for designing new governance mechanisms to make public policy more effective in a knowledge-based economy which thrives on innovation. ; Cette étude examine le problème de la formulation et de la mise en oeuvre de la politique publique dans des conditions d'interdépendance où nul n'a de contrôle absolu sur les actions menées par les autres. L'enjeu de l'amélioration du niveau de vie pour le plus grand nombre est dans ce contexte un problème d'action collective régi à la fois par des externalités positives, responsables d'initiatives insuffisantes, et négatives, qui génèrent des actions trop nombreuses. L'exploration de ces externalités montre qu'en les combinant, on peut faciliter leur ...

Decentralising labour market policy is a delicate and challenging subject of political debate. Does decentralisation really enable co-ordination of policies? At the local level, how do we make the best use of decentralised powers? How can greater flexibility be provided in managing policies while still guaranteeing efficiency and accountability? To enhance responsiveness to citizens' needs, governments increasingly decentralise the way policies are designed and implemented. In the labour market policy area, many stakeholders, from business and local government to community groups and NGOs have been receptive. The OECD invited leading experts and experienced policy makers and practitioners to address these questions and share their experiences in dealing with such issues.

The integration of immigrants at the local level is a topic of significant interest for OECD countries. The growing importance of the knowledge economy means that the battle for talent is becoming as important as the battle for inward investment, and skilled migrants can offer a significant comparative advantage to local labor markets, as long as their potential is harnessed. Unskilled migrants are also in demand, particularly where rising living costs make lower paid jobs unattractive to the native population, and where demographic change and population movement combine to reduce the self-sufficiency of local labor markets. For the potential advantages of migration to be maximized, however, it is crucial that immigration is accompanied by integration, that is, effective mechanisms for ensuring immigrants are effectively incorporated into local labor markets. Paradoxically, at the same time that migration is increasing in global importance, there is worrying evidence that integration results do not seem to be as favorable in a number of countries as they were in the past.--Publisher summary.