Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Part I: Theory -- Chapter 1: Prevalence, Risks, Costs, Theories, and Legal Aspects -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.1.1 Legal Aspects of Sexual Offending -- 1.1.2 Prevalence of Violence -- 1.1.3 Prevalence of Physical and Sexual Violence -- 1.1.4 Prevalence of Sexual Violence -- 1.1.5 Sexual Perpetration and Victimization -- 1.1.6 Victimization -- 1.1.7 Costs of Violence -- 1.1.8 Costs and Benefits of Treatment -- 1.1.9 Summary -- 1.2 Concepts -- 1.3 Theories of Aggressive Behavior -- 1.4 Theories of Sexually Aggressive Behavior -- 1.4.1 Single-Factor Theories -- 1.4.2 Multi-Factor Theories -- 1.4.3 Descriptive Models -- 1.5 Neurobiological Explanations of Sexual Aggression -- 1.5.1 Testosterone and Serotonin -- 1.5.2 Pedophilia -- 1.5.3 Neuropsychological Factors Related to Pedophilia -- 1.5.4 Neurobiology of Pedophilia -- 1.5.5 Brain Alterations -- 1.6 Personality Theories -- 1.7 Treatment Theories -- 1.8 Forensic Psychiatric Patients: Legal Aspects -- 1.9 Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- Chapter 2: Dynamic Risk Factors of Violent and Sexually Violent Offenders -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Violent Offenders -- 2.2.1 Dynamic Risk Factors -- 2.2.2 Differences Between Violent Detainees and Violent Forensic Psychiatric Inpatients -- 2.2.3 Conclusions -- 2.3 Sexually Violent Offenders -- 2.3.1 Dynamic Risk Factors -- 2.3.2 Endocrinological Risk Factors -- 2.3.3 Conclusions -- 2.4 General Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- Chapter 3: The Use of Self-Report Questionnaires -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Internal Factors -- 3.2.1 Socially Desirable Responding -- 3.2.2 Socially Desirable Responding in University Students -- 3.2.3 Socially Desirable Responding in Offenders -- 3.2.4 Socially Desirable Responding in Sex Offenders -- 3.2.5 Understanding of Own Behavior and Moral Awareness.

The predominant approach to understand dynamic risk factors of sexual reoffending has been referred to as the Propensities Model (Thornton, 2016). According to this model, dynamic risk factors can be conceptualized as latent constructs whose change alters the risk of sexual reoffending. Despite its strengths and contributions to research, this model does not offer answers to the question of how dynamic risk factors contribute to the risk of sexual reoffending, or of how sustained change in risk might take place. In this paper we introduce the Network-Based Model of Risk of Sexual Reoffending (NBM-RSR), which addresses several limitations and constraints of the Propensities Model and offers empirically testable propositions regarding the nature and development of the risk of sexual reoffending. The NBM-RSR considers risk of sexual reoffending to involve a self-sustaining network of causally connected dynamic risk factors. Consistent with this, an increased risk of sexual reoffending is characterized through a network that contains more and stronger interconnected dynamic risk factors with a higher strength. Sustained change in risk of sexual reoffending occurs when activity in the network exceeds a critical point resulting in a new self-sustaining network. Propositions based on the NBM-RSR are introduced and translated into testable hypotheses. These propositions revolve around (a) risk of sexual reoffending resulting from the construction of a network of causally connected dynamic risk factors, (b) network stability, sudden changes, and critical transitions, and (c) dynamic risk factors' relative influence on risk of sexual reoffending.