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Calculating compassion examines the origins of British relief work in late-nineteenth-century wars on the continent and the fringes of Empire. Commencing with the Franco-Prussian war of 1870-71, it follows distinguished surgeons and 'lady amateurs' as they distributed aid to wounded soldiers and distressed civilians, often in the face of considerable suspicion. Dispensing with the notion of shared 'humanitarian' ideals, it examines the complex, and sometimes controversial, origins of organised relief, and illuminates the emergence of practices and protocols still recognisable in the delivery o

This article traces the history of the British National Society for Aid to the Sick and Wounded in War (NAS), and its interventions in Continental and colonial wars of the late-nineteenth century. The NAS was founded on the outbreak of the FrancoPrussian War in August 1870. It went on to become one of the most important founding members of the British Red Cross Society (BRCS) when it was established in 1905. The aim of the article is to uncover the particular anxieties and aspirations that contributed to the foundation of the NAS. It demonstrates how these concerns –many of them related to the relative state of the British military– informed its subsequent practices and its relationship with the International Committee of the Red Cross. In tracing its emergence as a paramilitary corps adept at rapid-response emergency medicine, this article uncovers the rivalry that characterized attempts within the NAS and BRCS to lay claim to the "true spirit" of voluntary aid in war –a rivalry which eventually informed British insistence on a revision to the Geneva Convention in 1906.

This article traces the history of the British National Society for Aid to the Sick and Wounded in War (NAS), and its interventions in Continental and colonial wars of the late-nineteenth century. The NAS was founded on the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War in August 1870. It went on to become one of the most important founding members of the British Red Cross Society (BRCS) when it was established in 1905. The aim of the article is to uncover the particular anxieties and aspirations that contributed to the foundation of the NAS. It demonstrates how these concerns –many of them related to the relative state of the British military– informed its subsequent practices and its relationship with the International Committee of the Red Cross. In tracing its emergence as a paramilitary corps adept at rapid-response emergency medicine, this article uncovers the rivalry that characterized attempts within the NAS and BRCS to lay claim to the "true spirit" of voluntary aid in war –a rivalry which eventually informed British insistence on a revision to the Geneva Convention in 1906. ; Este artículo rastrea la historia de la British National Society for Aid to the Sick and Wounded in War (NAS) y sus intervenciones en las guerras europeas y coloniales de finales del siglo XIX. La NAS se fundó con el estallido de la Guerra Franco-Prusiana en agosto de 1870. Acabó convirtiéndose en uno de los miembros fundadores más importantes de la Sociedad de la Cruz Roja Británica (BRCS) cuando se estableció en 1905. El propósito del artículo es mostrar las peculiares inquietudes y aspiraciones que contribuyeron a la fundación de la NAS. Demuestra cómo estas preocupaciones –muchas de ellas asociadas al status de los militares británicos– condicionaron sus prácticas subsiguientes y sus relaciones con el Comité Internacional de la Cruz Roja. Al rastrear el surgimiento de la NAS como un cuerpo paramilitar experto en urgencias médicas de respuesta rápida, este artículo pone de manifiesto la rivalidad que caracterizó los intentos dentro de la ...

The history of relief work is in its infancy. 'Calculating Compassion' draws on new archival research to reveal the preoccupations of 19th-century relief workers, and the legacies for relief work today. Tracing the early history of familiar British aid agencies such as the British Red Cross Society (founded 1870) and the Save the Children Fund UK (founded 1919) - as well as those less familiar and now defunct - this book challenges any notion of a common 'humanitarian' ideal

Entrepreneurship is commonly talked about in the West as a freely chosen, optimistic occupational choice. Yet, as an ideological construct, entrepreneurship is ultimately shaped in ways that legitimize some entrepreneurs while marginalizing others. Taking cues from scholarship that has unpacked the gendered and raced dimensions of entrepreneurial discourse, this article examines the classed dimensions of such discourse. Illuminating the ideological contradiction between American dream promises of class mobility and enterprise initiatives, I argue that the hegemonic allure of entrepreneurial discourse stems in large part from the (re)production of class hierarchies around notions of exceptional capitalist ownership, action and innovation and opportunity recognition.

Résumé En revenant sur les origines de l'aide humanitaire au Royaume-Uni, cet article examine la constitution de secours comme nouveau champ de vocations caractérisé par un ethos de « compassion rationnelle ». Il analyse les fondements des rivalités d'intervention entre la Société nationale britannique d'aide aux malades et blessés de guerre et le Fonds de secours aux victimes de guerre constitué par les Quakers durant la guerre franco-prussienne, et les différents sens et investissements moraux à l'œuvre dans une administration des secours de plus en plus systématisée. L'auteur utilise ainsi les archives des organisations et les témoignages de première main de ces travailleurs sociaux pour montrer le développement de nouveaux rôles et pratiques de secours jusqu'à présent peu étudiés des historiens.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- 1 Introduction -- Rise of the Individual Self -- Increased Possibilities for Narrating the Self in the Globalized World -- Organizations, Interests and the Shaping of Identities -- Diversity: Telling Alternative Stories -- Defining Identity -- Concluding Thoughts -- Discussion Questions -- 2 Exploring Communicative Approaches to Identity and Organizations -- Meta-Theoretical Lenses for Understanding Identity and Organizations -- A Discursive Approach to Understanding Organizations and Identity -- Concluding Thoughts -- Discussion Questions -- 3 Forming and Managing Identities -- Forming Identities -- Organizational Identification -- Identity Work -- Identity Regulation -- Concluding Thoughts -- Discussion Questions -- 4 Fragmenting and Intersecting Identities -- Identity in a Socio-Historical Context -- Discursive Approaches to Identity and Fragmentation/Insecurity/Instability -- Concluding Thoughts -- Discussion Questions -- 5 Regulating and Resisting Identities -- Control and Identity -- Producing Identity Regulation -- Resistance -- Concluding Thoughts -- Discussion Questions -- 6 Informing Key Organizational Processes through Discursive Approaches to Identity -- Technology and Identity -- Leadership and Identity -- Identity and Organizations: Connections with other Research -- Concluding Thoughts -- Discussion Questions -- 7 Researching and Practicing Identity -- Methodological Commitments in the Discursive Study of Identity -- Researching the Discursive Construction of Identity -- Practicing a Discursive Approach to Organizations and Identity -- Concluding Thoughts -- Discussion Questions -- References -- Indexing -- End User License Agreement