Dossier - L'État face aux risques - Prévention et gestion des risques naturels en France
In: Regards sur l'actualité, Heft 328, S. 13-24
ISSN: 0337-7091
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In: Regards sur l'actualité, Heft 328, S. 13-24
ISSN: 0337-7091
In: Use R!
This much anticipated volume maps the connections between numerical ecology and its implementation in the 'R' language. Beginning with concise theoretical overviews, the authors go on to explore the methodology using applied and extensively annotated examples.
In: Ecology and society: E&S ; a journal of integrative science for resilience and sustainability, Band 18, Heft 1
ISSN: 1708-3087
In: Ecology and society: E&S ; a journal of integrative science for resilience and sustainability, Band 18, Heft 3
ISSN: 1708-3087
In: Ecology and society: E&S ; a journal of integrative science for resilience and sustainability, Band 18, Heft 1
ISSN: 1708-3087
International audience ; An effective implementation of payment for environmental services (PES) must allow for complex interactions of coupled social-ecological systems. We present an integrative study of the pasture-woodland landscape of the Swiss Jura Mountains combining methods from natural and social sciences to explore feedback between vegetation dynamics on paddock level, farm-based decision making, and policy decisions on the national political level. Our modeling results show that concomitant climatic and socioeconomic changes advance the loss of open grassland in silvopastoral landscapes. This would, in the longer term, deteriorate the historical wooded pastures in the region, which fulfill important functions for biodiversity and are widely considered as landscapes that deserve protection. Payment for environmental services could counteract this development while respecting historical land-use and ecological boundary conditions. The assessed policy feedback process reveals that current policy processes may hinder the implementation of PES, even though a payment for the upkeep of wooded pasture would generally enjoy the backing of the relevant policy network. To effectively support the upkeep of the wooded pastures in the Jura, concomitant policy changes, such as market deregulation, must also be taken into account.
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International audience ; An effective implementation of payment for environmental services (PES) must allow for complex interactions of coupled social-ecological systems. We present an integrative study of the pasture-woodland landscape of the Swiss Jura Mountains combining methods from natural and social sciences to explore feedback between vegetation dynamics on paddock level, farm-based decision making, and policy decisions on the national political level. Our modeling results show that concomitant climatic and socioeconomic changes advance the loss of open grassland in silvopastoral landscapes. This would, in the longer term, deteriorate the historical wooded pastures in the region, which fulfill important functions for biodiversity and are widely considered as landscapes that deserve protection. Payment for environmental services could counteract this development while respecting historical land-use and ecological boundary conditions. The assessed policy feedback process reveals that current policy processes may hinder the implementation of PES, even though a payment for the upkeep of wooded pasture would generally enjoy the backing of the relevant policy network. To effectively support the upkeep of the wooded pastures in the Jura, concomitant policy changes, such as market deregulation, must also be taken into account.
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International audience ; An effective implementation of payment for environmental services (PES) must allow for complex interactions of coupled social-ecological systems. We present an integrative study of the pasture-woodland landscape of the Swiss Jura Mountains combining methods from natural and social sciences to explore feedback between vegetation dynamics on paddock level, farm-based decision making, and policy decisions on the national political level. Our modeling results show that concomitant climatic and socioeconomic changes advance the loss of open grassland in silvopastoral landscapes. This would, in the longer term, deteriorate the historical wooded pastures in the region, which fulfill important functions for biodiversity and are widely considered as landscapes that deserve protection. Payment for environmental services could counteract this development while respecting historical land-use and ecological boundary conditions. The assessed policy feedback process reveals that current policy processes may hinder the implementation of PES, even though a payment for the upkeep of wooded pasture would generally enjoy the backing of the relevant policy network. To effectively support the upkeep of the wooded pastures in the Jura, concomitant policy changes, such as market deregulation, must also be taken into account.
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International audience ; An effective implementation of payment for environmental services (PES) must allow for complex interactions of coupled social-ecological systems. We present an integrative study of the pasture-woodland landscape of the Swiss Jura Mountains combining methods from natural and social sciences to explore feedback between vegetation dynamics on paddock level, farm-based decision making, and policy decisions on the national political level. Our modeling results show that concomitant climatic and socioeconomic changes advance the loss of open grassland in silvopastoral landscapes. This would, in the longer term, deteriorate the historical wooded pastures in the region, which fulfill important functions for biodiversity and are widely considered as landscapes that deserve protection. Payment for environmental services could counteract this development while respecting historical land-use and ecological boundary conditions. The assessed policy feedback process reveals that current policy processes may hinder the implementation of PES, even though a payment for the upkeep of wooded pasture would generally enjoy the backing of the relevant policy network. To effectively support the upkeep of the wooded pastures in the Jura, concomitant policy changes, such as market deregulation, must also be taken into account.
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In: Ecology and society: E&S ; a journal of integrative science for resilience and sustainability, Band 18, Heft 2
ISSN: 1708-3087
Times Cited: 0Gillet, F. Garrido, M. T. Cabria Blanc, F. Fournier-Chambrillon, C. Nemoz, M. Sourp, E. Vial-Novella, C. Zardoya, R. Aulagnier, S. Michaux, J. R.Conservatoire d'Espaces Naturels de Midi-Pyrenees (CEN-MP) [LIFE13NAT/FR/000092]; European Union Funding Network (ERDF); European Union Funding Network (LIFE+); Agence de l'eau Adour-Garonne; Agence de l'eau Rhone-Mediterranee-Corse; DREAL Aquitaine, Midi-Pyrenees, and Languedoc-Roussillon; Conseil Regional Aquitaine, Midi-Pyrenees and Languedoc-Roussillon; Conseil General des Pyrenees-Atlantiques, de l'Aude et des Pyrenees-Orientales; EDF; SHEM; Patagonia; Parc National des Pyrenees; ANRT (Association Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie); ANRT (CIFRE) [2011/1571]We thank the following people who collected tissue samples: EDF agents, Pyrenees National Park agents, M. Bayon, A. Bertrand, J.-P. Besson, J.-P. Quere, A. Charbonnel, F. Elzear, L. Fabre, P. Fantin, B. Le Roux, V. Lacaze, M. Lagardere, F. Lasserre, B. Le Corre, M. Mas, P. Maunas, G. Nogue, F. Prud'Homme, T. Quintilla, B. Salmeron, T. Tico, S. Torreilles, and S. Vernet. We also thank representatives of the following organizations who collected feces samples: Association des Naturalistes de l'Ariege, Conservatoire d'Espaces Naturels d'Aquitaine, Conservatoire d'Espaces Naturels de Midi-Pyrenees, Federation Aude Claire, Federation des Reserves Naturelles Catalanes, Groupe de Recherche et d'Etude pour la Gestion de l'Environnement, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Office National des Forets, and Parc National des Pyrenees. This study is part of the "Plan National d'Actions en faveur du Desman des Pyrenees" and the LIFE+ Desman project (LIFE13NAT/FR/000092) which are coordinated by the Conservatoire d'Espaces Naturels de Midi-Pyrenees (CEN-MP) and financially supported by the following structures: European Union Funding Network (ERDF and LIFE+), Agence de l'eau Adour-Garonne, Agence de l'eau Rhone-Mediterranee-Corse, DREAL Aquitaine, Midi-Pyrenees, and ...
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Times Cited: 0Gillet, F. Garrido, M. T. Cabria Blanc, F. Fournier-Chambrillon, C. Nemoz, M. Sourp, E. Vial-Novella, C. Zardoya, R. Aulagnier, S. Michaux, J. R.Conservatoire d'Espaces Naturels de Midi-Pyrenees (CEN-MP) [LIFE13NAT/FR/000092]; European Union Funding Network (ERDF); European Union Funding Network (LIFE+); Agence de l'eau Adour-Garonne; Agence de l'eau Rhone-Mediterranee-Corse; DREAL Aquitaine, Midi-Pyrenees, and Languedoc-Roussillon; Conseil Regional Aquitaine, Midi-Pyrenees and Languedoc-Roussillon; Conseil General des Pyrenees-Atlantiques, de l'Aude et des Pyrenees-Orientales; EDF; SHEM; Patagonia; Parc National des Pyrenees; ANRT (Association Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie); ANRT (CIFRE) [2011/1571]We thank the following people who collected tissue samples: EDF agents, Pyrenees National Park agents, M. Bayon, A. Bertrand, J.-P. Besson, J.-P. Quere, A. Charbonnel, F. Elzear, L. Fabre, P. Fantin, B. Le Roux, V. Lacaze, M. Lagardere, F. Lasserre, B. Le Corre, M. Mas, P. Maunas, G. Nogue, F. Prud'Homme, T. Quintilla, B. Salmeron, T. Tico, S. Torreilles, and S. Vernet. We also thank representatives of the following organizations who collected feces samples: Association des Naturalistes de l'Ariege, Conservatoire d'Espaces Naturels d'Aquitaine, Conservatoire d'Espaces Naturels de Midi-Pyrenees, Federation Aude Claire, Federation des Reserves Naturelles Catalanes, Groupe de Recherche et d'Etude pour la Gestion de l'Environnement, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Office National des Forets, and Parc National des Pyrenees. This study is part of the "Plan National d'Actions en faveur du Desman des Pyrenees" and the LIFE+ Desman project (LIFE13NAT/FR/000092) which are coordinated by the Conservatoire d'Espaces Naturels de Midi-Pyrenees (CEN-MP) and financially supported by the following structures: European Union Funding Network (ERDF and LIFE+), Agence de l'eau Adour-Garonne, Agence de l'eau Rhone-Mediterranee-Corse, DREAL Aquitaine, Midi-Pyrenees, and Languedoc-Roussillon, Conseil Regional Aquitaine, Midi-Pyrenees and Languedoc-Roussillon, Conseil General des Pyrenees-Atlantiques, de l'Aude et des Pyrenees-Orientales, EDF, SHEM, Patagonia, Parc National des Pyrenees, and ANRT (Association Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie). FG is supported by a French research fellowship provided by ANRT (CIFRE No 2011/1571).01545-1542 ; The Pyrenean desman (Galemys pyrenaicus) is a small, semiaquatic mammal endemic to the Pyrenean Mountains and the northern half of the Iberian Peninsula where it lives in cold and well-oxygenated flowing mountain streams. This species is currently classified as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List and has been undergoing habitat loss and fragmentation for decades, inevitably impacting its distribution. A recent genetic study, based on mitochondrial and intronic sequences, showed that the genetic variability of the Pyrenean desman is very low in the Pyrenees. In this study, we investigated the potential existence of genetic structure and gene flow at a smaller scale using 24 polymorphic microsatellite loci. As the Pyrenean desman is a very elusive species, we supplemented our tissue sample collection with samples of feces collected in the French range of this species. We successfully identified 70 individuals based on 355 fecal samples. Bayesian analyses revealed 3 genetic and geographic clusters (1 eastern, 1 central, and 1 western, including 3 genetic subclusters), with origins tracing back only 200 years. These clusters were characterized by low levels of genetic diversity and high inbreeding coefficients. Although gene flow among clusters appeared to be limited, populations seem to have exchanged alleles recently. Therefore, connectivity between watersheds should be enhanced to maintain genetic diversity and potentially improve the long-term survival of the Pyrenean desman in France.
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In: Ecology and society: E&S ; a journal of integrative science for resilience and sustainability, Band 18, Heft 3
ISSN: 1708-3087
In: Ecology and society: E&S ; a journal of integrative science for resilience and sustainability, Band 24, Heft 3
ISSN: 1708-3087
© 2021 The Authors. ; Aims: Understanding fine-grain diversity patterns across large spatial extents is fundamental for macroecological research and biodiversity conservation. Using the GrassPlot database, we provide benchmarks of fine-grain richness values of Palaearctic open habitats for vascular plants, bryophytes, lichens and complete vegetation (i.e., the sum of the former three groups). Location: Palaearctic biogeographic realm. Methods: We used 126,524 plots of eight standard grain sizes from the GrassPlot database: 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1,000 m and calculated the mean richness and standard deviations, as well as maximum, minimum, median, and first and third quartiles for each combination of grain size, taxonomic group, biome, region, vegetation type and phytosociological class. Results: Patterns of plant diversity in vegetation types and biomes differ across grain sizes and taxonomic groups. Overall, secondary (mostly semi-natural) grasslands and natural grasslands are the richest vegetation type. The open-access file "GrassPlot Diversity Benchmarks" and the web tool "GrassPlot Diversity Explorer" are now available online (https://edgg.org/databases/GrasslandDiversityExplorer) and provide more insights into species richness patterns in the Palaearctic open habitats. Conclusions: The GrassPlot Diversity Benchmarks provide high-quality data on species richness in open habitat types across the Palaearctic. These benchmark data can be used in vegetation ecology, macroecology, biodiversity conservation and data quality checking. While the amount of data in the underlying GrassPlot database and their spatial coverage are smaller than in other extensive vegetation-plot databases, species recordings in GrassPlot are on average more complete, making it a valuable complementary data source in macroecology. ; GrassPlot development has been supported by the Bavarian Research Alliance (BayIntAn_UBT_2017_58), the Eurasian Dry Grassland Group (EDGG) and the International Association for Vegetation Science (IAVS); IB, CorM, JAC, IGM, DGM, MHe, DL and MTo were supported by the Basque Government (IT936‐16); CorM, IAx, MCh, JDa, PD, MHá, ZL, ZPr, EŠ and LT were supported by the Czech Science Foundation (19‐28491X); TR was supported by the Estonian Research Council (PUT1173); RJP was funded by the Strategic Research Programme of the Scottish Government's Rural and Environmental Science and Analytical Services Division"; SBa was supported by the GINOP‐2.3.2‐15‐2016‐00019 project; GFi was partially supported by the MIUR initiative "Department of excellence" (Law 232/2016)"; BJA was funded by the Spanish Research Agency (grant AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033); AK, VB, IM, DS, IV and DV were supported by the National Research Foundation of Ukraine (2020.01/0140); MP and AH were supported by the Estonian Research Council (PRG874, PRG609), and the European Regional Development Fund (Centre of Excellence EcolChange); Data collection of HCP was funded by FORMAS (Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Science and Spatial Planning) and The Swedish Institute; JR was supported by the Czech Science Foundation (grant No. 20‐09895S) and the long‐term developmental project of the Czech Academy of Sciences (RVO 67985939); ATRA was funded by the Grant of Excellence Departments, MIUR‐Italy (ARTICOLO 1, COMMI 314 – 337 LEGGE 232/2016); JMA was supported by Carl Tryggers stiftelse för vetenskaplig forskning and Qatar Petroleum; AAli was supported by the Jiangsu Science and Technology Special Project (Grant No. BX2019084), and Metasequoia Faculty Research Startup Funding at Nanjing Forestry University (Grant No. 163010230), and he is currently supported by Hebei University through Faculty Research Startup Funding Program; ZB was supported by the NKFI K 124796 grant; The GLORIA‐ Aragón project of JLBA was funded by the Dirección General de Cambio Climático del Gobierno de Aragón (Spain); MCs and LDem were supported by DG Environment through the European Forum on Nature Conservation and Pastoralism and Barbara Knowles Fund, in collaboration with Pogány‐havas Association, Romania; JDa was partially supported by long‐term research development project no. RVO 67985939 of the Czech Academy of Sciences; BD and OV were supported by the NKFI KH 126476, NKFI KH 130338, NKFI FK 124404 and NKFI FK 135329 grants; BD, OV and AKe were supported by the Bolyai János Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences; BE was funded by the Environmental Department of the Tyrolean Federal State Government, the MAB Programme of the Austrian Academy of Science, the Mountain Agriculture Research Unit and the Alpine Research Centre Obergurgl of Innsbruck University. The GLORIA projects of BE were funded by the EU project no. EVK2‐CT‐2000‐00056, the Earth System Sciences Program of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (project MEDIALPS), the Amt für Naturparke, Autonome Provinz Bozen‐Südtirol, the Südtiroler Wissenschaftsfonds and the Tiroler Wissenschaftsfonds; RGG was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Research to sample GLORIA sites in central Spain (CGL 2008‐00901/BOS) and present works by the Autonomous Region of Madrid (REMEDINAL TE‐CM, S2018/EMT‐4338); MJ was supporteLatviaed by Latvia Grant No. 194051; NP and SŠ were partly supported by the Slovenian Research Agency, core fundings P1‐0403 and J7‐1822.
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