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No exact figures are available on the numbers of mestizos but everything indicates that, taking the Latin American (LA) area as a whole, the great majority of the pop is mestizo. 13 countries may be considered mestizo countries: Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Cuba, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, & Paraguay. In each of these the mestizo element, physically and statist'y speaking, forms either the largest or the culturally most important part of the pop. These countries share the basic structure and fundamental values of the Modern Spanish American culture but have certain special problems that already are or may be reflected in their cultures. In the mestizo countries, the Conquest established two castes: Indians and Spaniards. The principal difference between these castes and the castes of India and of the US, lies in the fact that mobility out of the Indian caste was possible simply by acculturation to modern society. The Indians thus acculturated and the products of racial mixture make up the body of the mestizos. One of the outstanding features of this century in Mestizo America is the comparative growth of this group of landless and non-aristocratic mestizos in every country. They have not developed an ideology but are in search of a way of life and a social order which will justify and legitimize their somewhat diffuse aspirations. Traditionally they have thought to identify themselves with the aristocrats and to aspire to realize aristocratic values. Several new influences have tended to ferment their discontents and press them to seek new solutions. Among these are: (1) an increasing level of educ, (2) the impact of mass communications, (3) mechanized industrialization, & (4) a growing desire for land reform. Thus the Mestizo Mass is slowly developing certain aspirations or goals, the implementation of which is bound to affect the Western Hemisphere and the civilized world. Their aspirations are: (1) every man has the right to earn a living for himself and his dependents. (2) Every man has the right to financial security for himself and his dependents. (3) Every human has the right to be considered as individual of worth in his own right. (4) Land reform is a necessity. (5) Recognized social position based on the foregoing rights will be demanded. (6) Indians and other elements of the pop must be incorporated in the modern society as rapidly as possible consistent with their own values and personal dignity. (7) These rights, sooner or later will be translated into effective political principles. The Guatemalan situation of 1944-54 serves to illustrate the growing strength and importance of the mestizo pop in the LA countries. J. E. Hughes.