Suchergebnisse

The impact of shift and night work on health shows a high inter- and intra-individual variability, both in terms of kind of troubles and temporal occurrence, related to various intervening factors dealing with individual characteristics, lifestyles, work demands, company organisation, family relations and social conditions. The way we define "health" and "well-being" can significantly influence appraisals, outcomes and interventions. As the goal is the optimisation of shiftworkers' health, it is necessary to go beyond the health protection and to act for health promotion. In this perspective, not only people related to medical sciences, but many other actors (ergonomists, psychologists, sociologists, educators, legislators), as well as shiftworkers themselves. Many models have been proposed aimed at describing the intervening variables mediating and/or moderating the effects; they try to define the interactions and the pathways connecting risk factors and outcomes through several human dimensions, which refer to physiology, psychology, pathology, sociology, ergonomics, economics, politics, and ethics. So, different criteria can be used to evaluate shiftworkers' health and well-being, starting from biological rhythms and ending in severe health disorders, passing through psychological strain, job dissatisfaction, family perturbation and social dis-adaptation, both in the short- and long-term. Consequently, it appears rather arbitrary to focus the problem of shiftworkers' health and tolerance only on specific aspects (e.g. individual characteristics), but a systemic approach appears more appropriate, able to match as many variables as possible, and aimed at defining which factors are the most relevant for those specific work and social conditions. This can support a more effective and profitable (for individuals, companies, and society) adoption of preventive and compensative measures, that must refer more to "countervalues" rather than to "counterweights".

O impacto do trabalho noturno e em turnos sobre a saúde demonstra ter grande variabilidade entre os indivíduos e num mesmo indivíduo, em termos tanto dos tipos de problemas como da ocorrência temporal, relativas a vários fatores interferentes como características pessoais, estilo de vida, exigências do trabalho, organização da empresa, relações familiares e condição social. O modo como "saúde" e "bem-estar" são definidos pode interferir significativamente com a avaliação, resultados e intervenções. Como o objetivo é otimizar a saúde dos trabalhadores em turnos, é necessário ir além da proteção da saúde e agir para a promoção da saúde e ter a participação de não apenas profissionais da área das ciências médicas, mas também outros agentes (ergonomistas, psicólogos, sociólogos, educadores, legisladores), assim como dos próprios trabalhadores. Foram propostos vários modelos com o propósito de descrever as variáveis interferentes que intermedeiam e/ou moderam os efeitos. Esses modelos buscam definir as interações e conexões entre os fatores de risco e resultados por meio de várias dimensões humanas, que remetem à fisiologia, psicologia, sociologia, ergonomia, economia, política e ética. Assim, podem ser usados diferentes critérios para avaliar a saúde e o bem-estar dos trabalhadores em turnos, de ritmos biológicos a graves transtornos de saúde, passando por tensão psicológica, insatisfação no trabalho, transtorno familiar e má adaptação social a curto e longo prazo. Como resultado, parece um tanto arbitrário enfocar o problema da saúde e tolerância dos trabalhadores em turnos apenas sob aspectos específicos (por exemplo, características pessoais) e parece ser mais apropriada uma abordagem sistemática, capaz de combinar o maior número possível de variáveis e direcionada a definir os fatores mais relevantes aos tipos particulares de trabalho e condições sociais. Isso pode servir de respaldo para a adoção de medidas preventivas e compensatórias mais eficazes e proveitosas (para indivíduos, empresas e sociedade) que precisam remeter mais a "contravalores" do que a "contrapesos". ; The impact of shift and night work on health shows a high inter- and intra-individual variability, both in terms of kind of troubles and temporal occurrence, related to various intervening factors dealing with individual characteristics, lifestyles, work demands, company organisation, family relations and social conditions. The way we define "health" and "well-being" can significantly influence appraisals, outcomes and interventions. As the goal is the optimisation of shiftworkers' health, it is necessary to go beyond the health protection and to act for health promotion. In this perspective, not only people related to medical sciences, but many other actors (ergonomists, psychologists, sociologists, educators, legislators), as well as shiftworkers themselves. Many models have been proposed aimed at describing the intervening variables mediating and/or moderating the effects; they try to define the interactions and the pathways connecting risk factors and outcomes through several human dimensions, which refer to physiology, psychology, pathology, sociology, ergonomics, economics, politics, and ethics. So, different criteria can be used to evaluate shiftworkers' health and well-being, starting from biological rhythms and ending in severe health disorders, passing through psychological strain, job dissatisfaction, family perturbation and social dis-adaptation, both in the short- and long-term. Consequently, it appears rather arbitrary to focus the problem of shiftworkers' health and tolerance only on specific aspects (e.g. individual characteristics), but a systemic approach appears more appropriate, able to match as many variables as possible, and aimed at defining which factors are the most relevant for those specific work and social conditions. This can support a more effective and profitable (for individuals, companies, and society) adoption of preventive and compensative measures, that must refer more to "countervalues" rather than to "counterweights".

This book explores sleepiness in our 24-hour society, from the new HuIA point of view. Covers physiology and pathophysiology of sleep, daytime alertness, fatigue and drugs, the relevance of sleep-related fatigue in occupational settings and public safety.

Abstract. The Italian strong-motion network monitors the seismic activity in the region, with more than 585 stations with continuous data acquisition.
In this study, we determine the background seismic noise characteristics of the network by using the data collected in 2022.
We analyse the spatial and temporal characteristics of the background noise.
It is found that most of the stations suffer from anthropogenic noises, since the strong-motion network is designed to capture the peak ground motions in populated areas.
Hence, human activities enrich the low periods of noise.
Therefore, land usage of the area where the stations are located affects the background noise levels.
Stations can be noisier during the day, up to 12 dB, and during the weekday, up to 5 dB, in short periods.
In long periods (≥ 5 s), accelerometric stations converge to similar noise levels and there are no significant daily or weekly changes.
It is found that more than half of the stations exceed the background noise model designed for strong-motion stations in Switzerland by Cauzzi and Clinton (2013) in at least one of the calculated periods.
We also develop an accelerometric seismic background noise model for periods between 0.0124 and 100 s for Italy by using the power spectral densities of the network.
The model is in agreement with the background noise model developed by D'Alessandro et al. (2021) using broadband data for Italy in short periods, but in long periods there is no correlation among studies.