Suchergebnisse

Wives of prisoners are rarely studied, yet incarceration of a loved one has an impact on the everyday experience of the immediate family. Furthermore, studies since the 1960s have consistently shown that prisoners with more family contact have lower recidivism rates than prisoners with less or no contact. This piece explores the thoughts and experiences of a wife of a prisoner, revealing how her life is affected by incarceration of her husband. Relationship impact, stigma, coping, friendships, visiting, and dealing with the prison system are all examined in this stream-of-consciousness piece as she drives one morning to the prison.

In Advocates for Animals Girshick focuses on the volunteers and organizations that fill the gap in what laws, policies, practices, and services do not address for animal rights and protection. 204 personal reflections teach about their paths to involvement, what they do and hope to achieve, and how this has impacted their lives.

ABSTRACTWe discuss the special problems associated with efforts to measure poverty among the elderly. Income measures must be adjusted for a variety of non‐income sources of well‐being such as net worth, human capital, and in‐kind, transfers. While such adjustments are needed, efforts to date are problematic to the extent that new sources of error are introduced. A close analysis of official government measures of poverty reveals that they reflect a variety of political assumptions and compromises. Examination of the eligibility criteria associated with various government social programs for the elderly reveal implicit poverty lines that differ from the official poverty lines. The importance of these operational poverty lines cannot be overestimated.

The special problems associated with efforts to measure poverty among the elderly are discussed. Income measures need to be adjusted for a variety of nonincome sources of well-being, yet any such adjustments introduce new sources of error. Analysis of official government measures of poverty (published by the Social Security Administration & the Bureau of Labor Statistics) reveals that they reflect a variety of political assumptions & compromises. Absolute dollar figures have always been preferred to any relative measure, eg, proportion of the national median income, because the latter would demonstrate the elderly's lack of advancement relative to the general population. The eligibility criteria of four government programs (Supplemental Security Income, Medicaid, Food Stamps, & subsidized housing) often operate under implicit poverty lines that are lower than the official ones. Instead of improving their economic situation, these criteria may force many elderly into dependence & institutionalization. Modified HA.

It is old news that the conditions and policies of women's prisons are different from those of incarcerated men. Less evident, however, is how gender differences shape those policies, and how gender identity and roles shape women's adaptation and resistance to prison culture and control. Women in Prison explores how the gender-based attitudes that women bring to prison frame how they respond to the prison environment—and how gender stereotypes continue to affect the treatment and opportunities of incarcerated women today. The authors focus especially on how the personal and social problems imported into the prison setting become part of the intricate web of prison culture. Their study reveals just how extensively women's prison experience reflects the control and domination they experienced in the outside world