Das Buch untersucht die sozialen Folgen von Arbeitsmarktmarginaliserung für nahe soziale Beziehungen und gesellschaftliche Partizipation in Deutschland. Dabei zeigen Mehrebenenmodelle und Längsschnittanalysen, die individuelle, haushaltsbezogene und regionale sozio-ökonomische Faktoren analysieren, dass finanzielle Schwierigkeiten nur marginal soziale Exklusion erklären können. Vielmehr sind soziale Rollen, Normen und Identität ausschlaggebend für eine Arbeitsmarktmarginalisierung.
AbstractRelations to family and friends are a key dimension of an individual's social integration and, by extension, are crucial for the social cohesion of societies. Based on that principle, this study explores the effects of unemployment on close personal relations and asks whether negative effects of unemployment are primarily explicable as financial losses or social aspects of identity. This analytical approach goes beyond analysing the direct effects of unemployment through differentiating effects by gender, household composition, and individual work and family values. In doing so, it examines the channels through which unemployment has the potential to erode social relations.Individual fixed effects models based on German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) data from 1990 to 2017 reveal that financial strain fails to explain the effects of unemployment on social relations. However, the results suggest that social identity is influential in shaping unemployment effects. Although men see a reduction in their personal relations when experiencing unemployment, women's unemployment experiences do not affect the frequency of their social interactions. Moreover, the fact that unemployment leads to a reduction of men's social contacts, particularly among those living with children, points to potential difficulties in performing the social role of the family provider. Finally, placing high importance on having children, partnership and caring for others mitigates negative unemployment effects for men.
Set against the backdrop of the Great Recession, the paper explores the interplay of unemployment experiences and political trust in the USA and 23 European countries between 2002 and 2017. Drawing on harmonized data from the European Social Survey and the General Social Survey, we confirm that citizens' personal experiences of unemployment depress trust in democratic institutions in all countries. Using multilevel linear probability models, we show that the relationship between unemployment and political trust varies between countries, and that, paradoxically, the negative effect of unemployment on political trust is consistently stronger in the more generous welfare states. This result holds while controlling for a range of other household and country-level predictors, and even in mediation models that incorporate measures of households' economic situation to explain the negative effect of unemployment on trust. As expected, country differences in the generosity of welfare states are reflected in the degree to which financial difficulties are mediating the relationship between unemployment and political trust. Overlaying economic deprivation, however, cultural mechanisms of stigmatization or status deprivation seem to create negative responses to unemployment experiences, and these render the effect of unemployment on political trust increasingly negative in objectively more generous welfare states.
Preface -- Introduction: creating the unequal city / Talja Blokland, Carlotta Giustozzi, Daniela Krüger and Hannah Schilling -- Making the city work --Practices of segregation -- Spaces of fear and their exclusionary consequences : narratives and everyday routines of sub-Saharan immigrants in Berlin / Mirjam Lewek -- Secluding : middle class segregation in schools and neighbourhoods / Carlotta Giustozzi, Talja Blokland and Nora Freitag -- Cheating the system to get the best for one's kids : middle class practices and racist marginalization / Talja Blokland and Georg Grosse-Löscher -- In the interest of the child : gendered practices of middle class mothers / Carlotta Giustozzi -- Making the city work -- Dealing with marginalization -- A youth club as site of resources : a girls' alternative to school and family / Imogen Feld -- Loving, sharing and engaging : sub-Saharan immigrants in a pentecostal church / Stephan Simon -- Social ties and the moral orientation of sharing : information-giving among sub-Saharan immigrants in Berlin / Rebecca Arbter -- The square as sanctuary : finding social recognition among urban poor / Daniela Krüger -- Holding on to faith : religion as resource to create capabilities in the face of institutional discrimination / Hannah Schilling -- Conclusion / Talja Blokland -- Appendix
