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In order to develop an indicator measuring the proximity of e-government and its different generic functions, we analysed a set of studies that were conducted in the United States and in Europe. We defined 21 elements of measure grouped in six dimensions of proximity and we surveyed the official Websites of the French-speaking Swiss Cantons in 2002 and 2003. We observed that more technical aspects such as navigability were well developed, whereas more 'socio-political' aspects (data protection, access for handicapped) and organisational issues were still in early stages. To conclude this work we give some hints for the application of a methodology based on proximity measurement. Adapted from the source document. COPIES ARE AVAILABLE FROM: HAWORTH DOCUMENT DELIVERY CENTER, The Haworth Press, Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580

L'article se concentre sur les implications théoriques et empiriques de la coprésence d'humains et de robots sociaux au sein des espaces de sociabilité numériques. Il explore les modalités de cette coprésence en examinant deux types de situations que sont les discours médiatiques relativement au trouble occasionné par les robots et la manière dont les chercheurs descomputer studiesanalysent cette présence en ligne. L'article montre que ces processus d'identification et de catégorisation des robots sociaux participent simultanément d'un travail de redéfinition de ce qui est le propre de l'humain. Sur cette base, il défend la thèse qu'il devient difficile d'envisager une sociologie des usages du numérique qui s'exonère de l'examen de ces entités non humaines anthropomorphes.

Part 6: Open Government ; International audience ; In this paper, we discuss the topic of governmental transparency, and more specifically in relation to Open Data. We look at governmental transparency in terms of channels, benefits, context, directions, etc., and we argue that there is an emergence of new intermediaries in the domain of governmental transparency, made possible mainly through information and communication technology. We then use the concept of public utility to integrate transparency and open data in a larger governmental perspective and we give a few examples of the use of open data to that effect. We propose an approach to support proactive transparency based on Open Data, based on a "lens" to be used to analyse transparency and open data in given contexts.

In this work we propose a framework to give a global analysis of eGovernment and eGovernance in Switzerland, First we discuss the eGovernment strategies and the eGovernance policies of the Federal Government, of the Cantons and of the largest cities in Switzerland in order to identify the overall directions of the Swiss ePolicies. We then propose a mean of measuring the proximity of eGovernment and its different generic functions. In order to do so we analyzed different international studies and defined an indicator based on 21 elements of measures grouped in six dimensions of proximity. In this paper we present briefly the results of two surveys conducted in 2002 and 2003 on the official Websites of the French-speaking Swiss Cantons. To conclude this work we give some hints for the application of a methodology based on proximity measurement. ; Šiame straipsnyje pateikiama globalus e. valdžios ir e. valdymo tyrimas Šveicarijoje. Siekiant nustatyti bendrąsias Šveicarijos e. politikos kryptis diskutuojamos federalinės valdžios, kantonų ir didžiųjų miestų e. valdžios strategijos ir e. valdymo politikos. Taip pat siūlomos e. valdžios atitikties svarbiausioms esminėms valdžios funkcijoms vertinimo priemonės. Šiame straipsnyje taip pat pateikiami prancūziškai kalbančių Šveicarijos kantonų oficialių svetainių tyrimo, atlikto 2002 ir 2003 m., rezultatai. Išvadose pateikiamos svarbiausios atitikties vertinimo metodologinės nuostatos.

International audience ; In February 2008 the people of Geneva voted in favour of a new Constitution to replace the current one, written in 1847 and considered by many to be out of line with today's society. In the first part of this paper we set the context of our study and we define a framework to analyse participation and eParticipation in terms of institutional, mediated and informal political communication mechanisms. In the second part we apply it to the campaign for the election of a Constituent Assembly and we provide the preliminary results of this survey. The last part describes how we will use this framework to investigate these mechanisms during the process of writing a new Constitution. Geneva was a pioneer in terms of eVoting and we want to find out if this will be the case again in the domain of eParticipation, with what could potentially become the first Wiki-Constitution ever. However our first findings indicate that ICTs are rather an extension of current participation mechanisms and that they do not radically change or renew them.

International audience ; In June 2006 the Swiss Parliament adopted a new law on population registers' harmonization in order to simplify statistical data collection and data exchange from around 4'000 decentralized registers. Besides there are more than 2'000 administrative services delivered to Swiss citizens and businesses, of which hundreds could potentially use data from population registers. The law is rather vague about the implementation of this harmonization and even though many projects are currently being undertaken in this domain, most of them are quite technical. We believe there is a need for analysis tools and therefore in this paper we propose a conceptual framework to analyse data governance of these populations registers, with a strong focus on information requirements and identity management. In order to develop this framework we built on existing approaches to define its building blocks: data consumers, data sources, identity in a given context, requirements, and data sets.

AbstractMIMIK (Method and Instruments for Modeling Integrated Knowledge) is a set of tools used to formalize and represent knowledge within organizations. It furthermore supports knowledge creation and sharing within communities of interest or communities of practice. In this paper we show that MIMIK is based on a model theory approach and builds on other existing methods and techniques. We also explain how to use the method and its instruments in order to model strategic objectives, processes, knowledge, and roles found within an organization, as well as relations existing between these elements. Indeed MIMIK provides eight types of models in order to describe what is commonly called know‐how, know‐why and know‐what; it uses matrices in order to formally and semantically link strategic objectives, knowledge and actors. We close this paper with a presentation of a prototype we built in order to demonstrate a technical architecture allowing for knowledge creation, formalization and sharing. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

International audience ; In previous research work we defined a conceptual model of a one-stop public administration and we created a prototype to illustrate it. In parallel we participate in a European research project that is developing an integrated e-government platform. In order to do so the project consortium created a governmental markup language (GovML) that describes public services and life events in XML format. It also defined metadata schemas in RDF for searching, locating and retrieving governmental digital resources. We decided to integrate our personal research and the results of the consortium work in order to develop a data model for One-Stop Government. In this paper we explain how we extended our conceptual model to support GovML and RDF, and how we were able to model administrative services at the data and meta-data levels.

International audience ; In this paper we show the methodology we used to build a prototype for One-stop Government. We started by defining ten simple use cases, and then we developed scenarios, business rules and sequence diagrams for each of them. This work was based on a conceptual model for One-stop Government we developed in a previous research. We also explain why the use cases and the scenarios proved very helpful for the conception and the development of the prototype. Last we show the software architecture, based on distributed components, and the operation of the prototype with a few examples.

International audience ; In previous research work we defined a conceptual model of a one-stop public administration and we created a prototype to illustrate it. In parallel we participate in an IST research project that is developing an integrated e-government platform and creating a description language based on XML and called GovML. We decided to integrate both works and in this paper we explain how we extended our conceptual model to support GovML and to generate data descriptions for administrative services.