Suchergebnisse

This thesis examines the ideological nexus of nationalism and heritage under the social conditions of neoliberalism. The investigation aims to demonstrate how neoliberal economics stimulate the irrationalism manifest in nationalist idealisation of the past. The institutionalisation of national heritage was originally a rational function of the modern state, symbolic of its political and cultural authority. With neoliberal erosion of the productive economy and public institutions, heritage and nostalgia proliferate today in all areas of social life. It is argued that this represents a social pathology linked to the neoliberal state's inability to construct a future-orientated national project. These conditions enhance the appeal of irrational nationalist and regionalist ideologies idealising the past as a source of cultural purity. Unable to achieve social cohesion, the neoliberal state promotes multiculturalism, encouraging minorities to embrace essentialist identity politics that parallel the nativism of right-wing nationalists and regionalists. This phenomenon is contextualised within the general crisis of progressive modernisation in Western societies that has accompanied neoliberalisation and globalisation. A new theory of activist heritage is advanced to describe autonomous, politicised heritage that appropriates forms and practices from the state heritage sector. Using this concept, the politics of irrational nationalism and regionalism are explored through fieldwork, including participant observation, interviews and photography. The interaction of state and activist heritage is considered at the Wewelsburg 1933-1945 Memorial Museum in Germany wherein neofascists have re-signified Nazi material culture, reactivating it within contemporary political narratives. The activist heritage of Israeli Zionism, Irish Republicanism and Ulster Loyalism is analysed through studies of museums, heritage centres, archaeological sites, exhibitions, monuments and historical re-enactments. These illustrate how activist heritage represents a political strategy within irrational ideologies that interpret the past as the ethical model for the future. This work contends that irrational nationalism fundamentally challenges the Enlightenment's assertion of reason over faith, and culture over nature, by superimposing pre-modern ideas upon the structure of modernity. An ideological product of the Enlightenment, the nation state remains the only political unit within which a rational command of time and space is possible, and thus the only viable basis for progressive modernity.

Constructivisme et pratiques réflexives d'élaboration de la constitution L'approche par la dépendance aux pratiques fait une tentative bienvenue de frayer un chemin entre, d'une part, le cosmopolitisme libéral, et, d'autre part, l'étatisme et le nationalisme. Ce faisant, elle cherche à réconcilier l'universalité de la justice avec le rôle particulier que jouent les principes de justice dans le contexte des différentes pratiques sociales. Dans cet article, j'affirme cependant que le « tournant pratique » dans la théorisation de la justice n'est pas allé assez loin, que ce soit méthodologiquement ou substantiellement. D'un point de vue méthodologique, il est nécessaire de dépasser le positivisme résiduel de l'approche par la dépendance aux pratiques en faveur d'une approche interprétative qui rende compte de la nature réflexive et évolutive des pratiques sociales. D'un point de vue substantiel, porter l'attention sur la réflexivité des pratiques sociales, en particulier sur les pratiques d'élaboration réflexive de la constitution, fournit le cadre d'une approche républicaine de la justice internationale ayant le souci de réconcilier l'idée kantienne d'universalité de la justice avec l'idée de souveraineté populaire de Rousseau et Hegel.

The practice-dependent approach to global justice makes a welcome attempt to steer a course between egalitarian liberal cosmopolitanism, on the one hand, and statism and nationalism, on the other. In so doing, it seeks to reconcile the universality of justice with the particular role principles of justice play within the context of different social practices. In this paper, I argue, however, that the 'practice turn' in theorising about justice has not gone far enough, either methodologically or substantively. Methodologically, it is necessary to move beyond the residual positivism of the practice-dependent approach to an interpretive approach that takes account of the reflexive, developmental nature of social practices. Substantively, focusing on the reflexivity of social practices, and particularly practices of reflexive constitution-making, provides a framework for a republican approach to international justice concerned with reconciling Kant's idea of the universality of justice with the emphasis on popular sovereignty of Rousseau and Hegel. Adapted from the source document.

While Kantian constructivism has become one of the most influential and systematic schools of thought in analytic moral and political philosophy, Hegelian approaches to practical normativity hold out the promise of building upon Kantian insights into individual self-determination while avoiding their dualistic tendencies. James Gledhill and Sebastian Stein unite distinguished scholars of German idealism and contemporary Anglophone practical philosophy with rising stars in the field, to explore whether Hegelian idealist philosophy can offer the categories that analytic practical philosophy requires to overcome the contradictions that have so far plagued Kantian constructivism. The volume organizes the contributions into three parts. The first of these engages debates in metaethics regarding the relationship between realism and constructivism. The second part sees contributors draw on debates about the nature of political normativity, focusing primarily on the problems of historical contextualism, relativism, and critical reflection. The concluding part considers the application of the Hegelian framework to contemporary debates about specific ethical issues, including multiculturalism, democracy, and human rights. Hegel and Contemporary Practical Philosophy contributes to the on-going debate about the importance of systematic philosophy in the context of practical philosophy, engages with contemporary discussions about the shape of a rational social order, and gauges the timeliness of Hegelian philosophy. This book is a must readfor scholars interested in Hegel and in the contemporary tradition of Kantian constructivism in moral and political philosophy.

1. Reconciliation through the public use of reason : remarks on John Rawls's political liberalism / Jurgen Habermas -- 2. Political liberalism : reply to Habermas / John Rawls -- 3. 'Reasonable' versus 'true', or, The morality of world views / Jurgen Habermas -- 4. Justice : transcendental not metaphysical / Joseph Heath -- 5. The justice of justification / Anthony Simon Laden -- 6. The justification of justice : Rawls and Habermas in dialogue / Rainer Forst -- 7. Procedure in substance and substance in procedure : reframing the Rawls-Habermas debate / James Gledhill -- 8. Habermas, Rawls and moral impartiality / Christopher McMahon -- 9. Rawls and Habermas on the place of religion in the political domain / Catherine Audard -- 10. Two models of human rights : extending the Rawls-Habermas debate / Jeffrey Flynn -- 11. Beyond overlapping consensus : Rawls and Habermas on the limits of cosmopolitanism / Jim Bohman -- 12. A reply to my critics / Jurgen Habermas.