Suchergebnisse

A series of observations as to the history of the urban environment lead into study of the City of London and the history of its residual waters problem, following this through from the 14th Century to the "Great Stink" bred by the contamination saturation of the Thames in 1858. The seperate issues in this process —technical, political and most especially the scientific remedies thrown up to meet the problem— are closely examined, the scientific sort receiving the lion's share of attention given the great variety and contrast among them bred by their differing initial disciplinary view points. The work finishes with a summary of the conclusions offered by it ; Unas consideraciones sobre la historia medio ambiental urbana sirven de preámbulo al núcleo central de este trabajo, referido a la ciudad de Londres, en el que se estudia el proceso histórico del problema de las aguas residuales en esa ciudad. En esta línea, desde el siglo XIV hasta el "Gran Hedor" producido por la alta contaminación de las aguas del río Támesis en 1858, se analizan pormenorizadamente las distintas cuestiones técnicas y políticas suscitadas y, de modo especial, las respuestas científicas dadas a aquéllas que, en el caso de los científicos difieren sensiblemente según correspondan a unas u otras perspectivas disciplinares. Las conclusiones obtenidas culminan el contenido del trabajo

The effort to implant secular science in Spain was stymied throughout the nineteenth century by a ruling conservative elite which held that "science without religion is blind" and viewed the practice of science divorced from an explicitly Catholic, Thomist philosophical framework as being the equivalent of civil subversion. Medical doctors, in particular, were held to be subversive; in the aftermath of the conservative overthrow of the liberal government in 1824 all professors of the Madrid Medical College were either imprisoned or removed from their chairs. The liberal revolution of 1868, which briefly overthrew the Bourbons and their conservative supporters and installed the short-lived First Republic, was universally regarded by Spanish scientists as having opened the door to new ideas. Chief among these was Darwinism, anathema to Catholic conservatives because of its challenge to Biblical dogma. There had been virtually no discussion of this heretical idea before the revolution, and it was freely discussed in its wake.

This essay can best be considered an anthropological venture in the field of recent and contemporary Spanish historiography. Our aim is twofold: an understanding of the nature of Spanish historical interpretation as it is elaborated by national historians; the examination of certain phases of intercultural contact critical in the formation of a distinct Spanish cultural form.

"From Al-Andalus to the Americas (13th-17th c.). Destruction and Construcion of Societies offers a multi-perspective view of the filiation of different colonial and settler colonial experiences, from the Medieval Iberian Peninsula to the early Modern Americas. All the articles in the volume refer the reader to colonial orders that extended over time, that substantially reduced indigenous populations, that imposed new productive strategies and created new social hierarchies. The ideological background and how conquests were organised; the treatment given to the conquered lands and people; the political organisations, and the old and new agricultural systems are issues discussed in this volume. Contributors are David Abulafia, Manuel Ardit, Antonio Espino, Adela Fábregas, Josep M. Fradera, Enric Guinot, Helena Kirchner, Antonio Malpica, Virgilio Martínez-Enamorado, Carmen Mena, António Mendes, Félix Retamero, Inge Schjellerup, Josep Torró, and Antoni Virgili"--