Suchergebnisse

Judging by the number of travellers, tourism underwent a massive expansion during the second half of the 20th century. The expansion that tourism experienced in the second half of the 20th century continued during the 21st century, with the exception of the periods of the 2008 economic crisis, and the current health crisis (COVID-19 pandemic). In accordance with the aforementioned, it can be pointed out that tourism was in constant progression and development until the crisis, that it was 'the world's leading industry', and that its impact on the process of socio-economic development was continuously growing and intensifying. With this in mind, the aim of this paper is to examine the characteristics and dynamics of the growth of international tourism before, during and after the economic crisis of 2008, as well as during the current health crisis (COVID-19 pandemic), based on relevant macroeconomic indicators. The results of the analysis confirm the well-known facts that tourism is not only very sensitive to crises but also that it is a highly flexible sector that adjusts and resumes the growth of traffic very quickly following the end of a crisis.

The textile industry of the Republic of Serbia, for a long time, has been one of the key drivers of economic growth, the mainstay of exports, demographic change and the bearers of social policy. However, in the period from 2000 to 2008, that is, in the period of application of the neoliberal model of growth, it was treated by the creators of economic policy as a relic of the past and the socialist model of growth and continuously recorded negative production results. In accordance with the above, the main goal of the research in this paper is to analyze the key macroeconomic indicators to consider the development trends of this industry in this period. The analysis used the method of induction, while the analysis of competitiveness of the textile industry of Serbia used the following indicators: market share analysis and RCA index (revealed competitive advantage index). The results of the research clearly indicate the disastrous consequences of the application: first, shock therapy in the liberalization of trade flows, second, the wrong model of privatization and third, inadequate economic policy measures, but also the fact that the textile industry has maintained a significant share in exports Republic of Serbia.

Abstract
The focus of research interest on the analysis of the competitiveness of the textile industry of the Republic of Serbia stems from the fact that, despite many years of negative indicators of development and objectively unsatisfactory status, the industry has maintained a recognizable and pronounced export potential. Namely, despite the marginal share in the production of gross domestic product, the textile industry is continuously, in terms of its export, among the top five most important exporters. The research should point to the trend and dynamics of changes in the competitiveness of the industry and the stability of the economic flows. For the purpose of complex analysis of the phenomena related to the competitiveness of this part of the national economy, the paper uses the methodology developed by the International Trade Centre UNCTAD/WTO (ITC), and in particular the Trade Performance Index group of indicators. The results of the research provide a basis for the conclusion that the textile industry can still be one of the stable pillars of self-sustainable growth, but also of the long-term production and trade integration of the Republic of Serbia with the European Union.

For structural reasons, tourism is an information-intensive sector. Tourism services are significantly featured by information, but essentially a physical service is almost always the final product that should be delivered to customers. The uniqueness of a tourism product is reflected in the fact that it is usually obtained as a mixture of products and services provided by different parties and different companies. The complexity of the tourism market and the specifics of a tourism product that contains the information component affect the organization of specific distribution channels for these products and the formation of information and value chains in which each participant adds significant value for the end user of these products. These characteristics of the tourism market and products put information and communication technology (ICT) in the foreground. Given that information and technological support to the tourism sector is very important, travel agencies, major airline companies, tour operators, and large hotel chains intensively use ICT in their business. This article primarily examines the role and impact of ICT on the significant changes that have taken place in the tourism sector and tourism business of companies.

As other countries of Central and Southeastern Europe, the Republic of Serbia at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century entered the process of universal transformation, which in essence represented a powerful political and economic movement for thorough changes in all parts of social and economic life. The central place in total transformational processes was taken by property, that is ownership transformation. The purpose of this research are numerous changes and the effects caused by the ownership transformation, that is privatisation in all economic activities, and in tourism as well. The research methods used in this paper are: analysis method, synthesis method, abstraction method, generalisation method, comparison method, as well as mathematical and statistical methods. The research results show that the effects of the privatisation in the tourism activities of Serbia are rather devastating. Besides, there were no necessary changes in other elements of business transformation (organisational, managerial, personnel, technological and other), what is the decrease in quality of tourist offer in Serbia and its bad position on the international tourism market. Taking into account that the Republic of Serbia has included the development of tourism amongst the priorities of its actual economic policy and development strategy, results of this research should by its originality, scientific approach to the subject of the research, quality and expertise, complete research material in this scientific field, also to point out new possibilities of Serbian tourism development to creators of economic, touristic and investment politics.

The positive achievements of the globalization process is the awareness of the imminent protection and preservation of the environment, and the consequent health tourism, as a kind of organized movement of people to meet the needs of living in a "pristine nature" and satisfying the need for clean water, food and air. It is a little-known, easily accessible wilderness areas in the world. Environmental values through such places, such as the specific characteristics of space, good climate, hydrographic resources and other natural features can be a good basis for the development of health and recreational tourism in the future. In this sense, national, and increasingly local communities should be responsible for the selected type and pace of tourism development in terms of directing the long-term quality and complex interaction between the tourist offer, tourist demand and the environment in general. Strategic vision, in this context, involves the application of eco-management, both in the field of tourism policy, as well as in the domain of politics at the level of individual holders of tourist attractions. With that in mind, this paper presents the possibilities of development of health and recreational tourism in spas and mountain resorts, and points to the role in this development, there should be an eco-management, especially if we take into account the fact that in today's terms of increased tourist demand for healthy and intact natural areas.

Abstract
In the last few decades, the textile industry has been marked by great changes in its production and trade structure. Based on that, a greater involvement of this industry in the flows of international trade was initiated, with the stable intensification of the export positions of new production leaders. At the same time, this has led to key changes in the regional allocation of exports and imports of textile products. On the other hand, the textile industry of the Republic of Serbia has a long tradition and has had an important place in the structure of manufacturing industry for a long time. After the Second World War, the textile industry was one of the most important instruments of demographic and social policy. During the construction of the market system, the textile industry of the Republic of Serbia was unjustifiably neglected. Despite that fact, in the modern conditions, the textile industry has very important place in the exports structure of the Republic of Serbia. This paper gives specific theoretical and empirical recommendations to Serbian policy creators, through a comparison of the results of structural transformation of the textile industry at the global level and the results of this process in the textile industry of the Republic of Serbia.

There is a general consensus in the economic literature that there is a strong correlation between structural changes and economic growth: structural changes are the most significant repercussion of economic growth, but at the same time, in the long run, it's most important factor. Having in mind this fact, the analysis of structural changes and economic growth of the Republic of Serbia is a key research issue on which this paper focuses. In that sense, the paper, based on relevant theoretical knowledge and reference statistics on the movement of basic macroeconomic indicators, monitors and analyzes the effects of applied models of economic growth in the process of structural adjustment of the economy of the Republic of Serbia during the first two decades of the 21st century, in which major, and in some sub periods, specific structural changes took place.

The first decade of the 21st century in the Republic of Serbia is characterized by numerous changes of the economic nature. It was a period of accelerated reform based on the neoliberal concept, i.e. a period of transition to the spontaneous unfolding of economic flows. This concept should have guided the economy of the Republic of Serbia towards the market economy, enabled relatively high rates of economic growth, has raised its level of competitiveness and, has ultimately, prepared it for the market competition. However, it can be concluded that the ten-year application of this concept has directed the economy of the Republic of Serbia in a completely different direction: towards foreign savings, disproportionate growth of the sector of non-tradable goods and services and overheating of domestic demand as the main driver of growth. The inability to autonomously or partially autonomously create their own sources of growth, on the one hand, and the continuation of the foreign borrowing spiral, on the other, were key synthetic indicators of the current state of the economy. Therefore, the Republic of Serbia was forced to change its economic growth model. According to many opinions, development processes in industry, its position in the newly formed economic structure of the country, as well as structural changes within the industry itself, has been one of the key causes of the negative developmental trends in the economy of the Republic of Serbia during the first decade of the 21st century. With this in mind, this paper analyzes the development processes in the industry of the Republic of Serbia during the first decade of the 21st century, that is, the results of the aforementioned processes, namely: changes in the structure of industry, results of privatization of industry, trends in employment in industry, and developments in foreign trade industry.

Abstract
Тhе key research questions in this paper are related to determining the effects and impacts of a new economic growth model on the comparative advantages and competitiveness of exports of Serbian technological manufacturing product groups on the EU-28 market. The research used some of the analytical instruments of the methodology developed by the International Trade Center (ITC), as well as a modified RCA index. There was conducted a comparison of results of measuring export competitiveness using the methodology and RCA index according to the Balassa formula. All relevant analyses brought up similar conclusions regarding the modest effects of the reformed growth model, the low level of export competitiveness of medium and high technology products, but also regarding Serbia's lagging behind its competitors from the immediate surrounding and the world average. The results indicate that Serbia has failed to balance the structure of sources of financing for the new economic growth model, especially in terms of under-representation of domestic, public and private investments. They reflected on the low volume of gross investment, investment in industry in particular, their inadequate structure and the slow growth of export in production sectors, being the most affected by technological progress.