Suchergebnisse

This comparative research project looks at the co-operation between state and social organizations (SOs) in China and Germany. It focusses on social service delivery in the area of integration of migrating populations with special attention to the fields of education, employment, vulnerable groups and social assistance (incl. legal aid) as a crosscutting issue to all of the fields. Within this subject area, the project wants to identify different models of state-SO co-operation and analyze which models are successful and why and where this co-operation is problematic. It aims to capture the different models of co-operation in Germany and China, to analyze and compare the underlying structures and to show potentialities for development.

This comparative research project looks at the co-operation between state and social organizations (SOs) in China and Germany. It focusses on social service delivery in the area of integration of migrating populations with special attention to the fields of education, employment, vulnerable groups and social assistance (incl. legal aid) as a crosscutting issue to all of the fields. Within this subject area, the project wants to identify different models of state-SO co-operation and analyze which models are successful and why and where this co-operation is problematic. It aims to capture the different models of co-operation in Germany and China, to analyze and compare the underlying structures and to show potentialities for development.

This comparative research project looks at the co-operation between state and social organizations (SOs) in China and Germany. It focusses on social service delivery in the area of integration of migrating populations with special attention to the fields of education, employment, vulnerable groups and social assistance (incl. legal aid) as a crosscutting issue to all of the fields. Within this subject area, the project wants to identify different models of state-SO co-operation and analyze which models are successful and why and where this co-operation is problematic. It aims to capture the different models of co-operation in Germany and China, to analyze and compare the underlying structures and to show potentialities for development.

Stability and Change in Urban Housing Governance -- Understanding the Context of Urban Housing Governance -- Housing Governance for an "Inclusive City" in Washington, D.C -- Housing Governance for a "High Quality of Life" in Vienna -- Path Dependence, Change, and Legitimacy in Growing Cities

Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- List of figures -- List of tables -- List of abbreviations -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 The puzzle: Urban housing governance for growing cities -- 1.2 The research objective: Understanding conditions for stability and change -- 1.3 The roadmap: Outline of the study -- 2 The theoretical framework: Actors, institutions and governance -- 2.1 Ideal-typical categories of actors -- 2.2 Historical institutionalism: Path dependence and change -- 2.3 Different modes of coordination and governance -- 2.4 Multilevel governance: The local level as part of a broader setting -- 2.5 Summary -- 3 Urban development and housing at the local level -- 3.1 Guidelines for urban housing governance and policies -- 3.1.1 The guiding function of urban development plans -- 3.1.2 Who stands to gain? Social justice in the city -- 3.1.3 Relationships between urban development and local housing systems -- 3.1.4 Summary -- 3.2 Housing policy in international comparison -- 3.2.1 Instruments of public housing policy -- 3.2.2 Comparative housing studies -- 3.2.3 Target groups of housing policy -- 3.2.4 Summary -- 3.3 Connecting the dots: Housing governance in growing cities -- 3.3.1 Housing governance in a multilevel setting -- 3.3.2 Digging deeper: Specifying the research questions -- 4 How to proceed: Research methods and case selection -- 4.1 The comparative case study design -- 4.2 Case selection -- 4.3 Methods of data collection: triangulation for validity -- 4.3.1 Policy documents -- 4.3.2 Archival material -- 4.3.3 Interviews -- 4.3.4 Observations -- 4.4 Bringing order to the evidence chaos: Methods of data evaluation -- 4.4.1 Qualitative content analysis -- 4.4.2 Compiling and analyzing evidence from different sources -- 5 Facts, figures and contexts: Introduction to the cases.

The report covers the fields of financial benefits, accommodation, counselling, language tuition and social support. In general, the rights regarding social assistance of asylum seekers and persons with exceptional leave to remain are less encompassing than those of German citizens or recognized refugees. Their rights are covered by the Asylum Seekers Benefit Act, which provides for slightly lower financial assistance than Germans social security payments (for the first 15 months of the stay). The federal government or the länder make most of the policies regarding social assistance, even if the municipalities have some leeway in their implementation. This leads to a great diversity of services in practice. The local level has most flexibility regarding voluntary tasks such as language tuition or counselling. They are often provided in collaboration with non- profit organizations, which are supported by funding or coordination.

The report discusses employment policy and the integration of refugees into the labour market. Employment policy in Germany combines "passive" financial transfers and "active" qualification measures. Moreover, "activating" measures were introduced in 2004 to mobilize unemployed persons. Basically, social insurance-based benefits (Unemployment Benefits I) can be distinguished from basic income support (Unemployment Benefits II) as a means-tested social security system. Beneficiaries of both systems usually have access to measures such as education and training, counselling and placement, or support for self-employed work. Refugees' access to the labour market depends on their residence title, country of origin and duration of stay. Access to supporting measures such as counselling and qualification is rather open. Moreover, different language tuition courses exist, because language capacities are a crucial prerequisite for accessing employment. Non-profit organizations provide many of these services either autonomously or under contract with public actors such as the local job centres.

The report outlines the local refugee integration policy and its implementation by the public administration in Berlin. It starts by giving an overview of the political, administrative and social structures in the German capital, before presenting in more detail the responsibilities for refugee integration policy. A number of public bodies are involved in making and implementing integration policy, and tasks are shared between the city and the district levels of the city-state Berlin. Moreover, the content of integration policies is explained, focusing on the four research areas of the project: employment, education, vulnerable groups and social assistance. Berlin draws on a number of federal, state and local programs to support refugee integration, e.g. in terms of providing training, language tuition, health care services, accommodation and counselling. Many of these services are not provided directly, but by a broad variety of non-profit organizations. Some of them have been active in Berlin for years, whereas others have emerged in response to the increase in refugee migration in 2015/16. The city cooperates with these organizations in a number of ways, some of which will be researched in more detail in the upcoming case studies of the project.

The report focuses on services for minors, female and "queer" (lesbian, gay, bi- and transsexual, transgender, and intersexual, or LGBTTI) refugees, elderly or disabled, as well as traumatized persons. These groups – while comprising very heterogeneous living situations – are particularly vulnerable and thus in need of special protection or services. For example, they may require specific health services, while at the same time access to the health care system in Germany is restricted within the first 15 months of the stay. Therefore, legal provisions allow for additional services e.g. for elderly, disabled or traumatized refugees. Voluntary offers supplement these professional services. Moreover, unaccompanied minors are particularly addressed by German law, whereas children and youth entering Germany with their parents or a legal guardian are subject to the same treatment as their parents. Female refugees, in particular pregnant and breast-feeding women, are also subject to special protection provisions and services, many of which are provided by non-profit organizations (NPOs). The particular vulnerabilities of LGBTTI refugees have recently been recognized more strongly by law and administrative practice, also due to the lobbying activities of NPOs.

Cover -- I. Migration und Migrationspolitik -- 1 Nicht zu fassen? Sozialwissenschaftliches Basiswissen zu Migration und Integration -- 1.1 Migration als mehrdimensionales Phänomen -- 1.1.1 Zeitliche Dimension -- 1.1.2 Räumliche Dimension -- 1.1.3 Kausale Dimension -- 1.1.4 Kategorisierungen in der Kritik -- 1.2 Annäherungen an den Integrationsbegriff -- 1.2.1 Integrationsverständnis in der Tradition von David Lockwood -- 1.2.2 Politische Ziele in Integrationsprozessen: Assimilation, Multikulturalismus und postmigrantische Gesellschaft -- 2 Was ist Migrationspolitik? Definitionsversuche und Forschungsperspektiven -- 2.1 Auf dem Weg zu einer Definition von Migrationspolitik -- 2.1.1 Partielle Definitionen von Migrations- und Integrationspolitik -- 2.1.2 Annäherung an eine weite Definition von Migrationspolitik -- 2.1.3 Migrationspolitik - ein Politikfeld mit vielen Bezügen -- 2.2 Beispiele zur Systematisierung von Migrationspolitik(en) -- 2.2.1 Systematisierung nach den Modi der Steuerung -- 2.2.2 Systematisierung entlang des Gegensatzpaares "restriktiv vs. liberal" -- 2.3 Erklärungsansätze für die Entstehung von Migrationspolitiken -- 2.4 Migrations(politik)forschung und Politikberatung -- II. Orientierung im Mehrebenensystem der Migrationspolitik -- 3 Globale Zusammenarbeit? Internationale Migrationsregime -- 3.1 Allgemeine Regelwerke und ihre Bedeutung für Migrationspolitik -- 3.2 Das "Migrationsregime" -- 3.2.1 Austausch und Kooperation zu Migration allgemein -- 3.2.2 Spezialisierte Institutionen zu verschiedenen Migrationsformen -- 3.3 Das "Flüchtlingsregime" -- 3.4 Multilateralismus mit angezogener Handbremse -- 4 Jenseits des Nationalstaats? Migrationspolitik der Europäischen Union -- 4.1 Überblick über die Europäisierung der Migrationspolitik -- 4.2 Der institutionelle Rahmen der europäischen Migrationspolitik.

Das Lehrbuch bietet eine kompakte Einführung in zentrale Fragestellungen der Migrationspolitik. Es geht auf grundlegende Begrifflichkeiten, institutionelle Arrangements und wichtige Forschungsstränge ein. Beispiele aus der deutschen und internationalen Praxis illustrieren die Kapitel und werden an theoretische Konzepte rückgebunden. Damit wird Orientierung in einem komplexen Politikfeld ermöglicht – jenseits aufgeregter, tagesaktueller Debatten. Das Lehrbuch richtet sich an Studierende, Dozierende und Forschende ebenso wie an PraktikerInnen der Migrationsarbeit. Es kann ohne politikwissenschaftliche Vorkenntnisse gelesen werden, benennt aber auch zahlreiche Anknüpfungspunkte zu Subdisziplinen und Denkschulen des Fachs.

The Council Directive 2001/55/EC on temporary protection in the event of a "mass influx" of displaced persons provides for a mechanism that shall lead to collaborative efforts of the European Union Member States in dealing with persons seeking protection in Europe. In spite of the current "refugee crisis", not even those Member States which have admitted the largest numbers of persons, such as Germany, have made any attempts to trigger this Directive. The article first assesses the applicability of the Directive with respect to the surge in arrivals in 2015, and then analyses the reasons for its non-application on the basis of rational choice theory. It concludes that the benefits resulting from an application of the Directive are minimal while transaction costs to reach agreement in the Council are high. Thus, those countries affected by "mass influx" lack the incentives for triggering its mechanisms, and the Directive can be considered a failed instrument.