Suchergebnisse

IT IS NO COINCIDENCE THAT THE SWEEPING CHANGES IN INTERNATIONAL POLITICS TODAY HAVE OCCURRED SIDE BY SIDE WITH AN EQUALLY RADICAL PARADIGM SHIFT IN THE PHYSICAL SCIENCES. THE ANALOGY BETWEEN POLITICS AND PHYSICS, BETWEEN POLITICAL EXPERIENCE THE SCIENTIFIC WORLDVIEW, HAS ALWAYS BEEN A CLOSE ONE IN THE WEST. THIS ARTICLE EXPLORES HOW THE GULF WAR EPITOMIZED THE NEW WORLD IN WHICH FOREIGN POLICY IS NOW MADE. IT NOTES THAT THE PARTICIPATORY UNIVERSE TENDS TO PUSH NATIONAL LEADERS, AND ESPECIALLY AMERICAN PRESIDENTS, TOWARD AN INCREASING EMPHASIS ON HUMANITARIN INVOLVEMENTS AND TOWARD A MINIMIZATION OF VIOLENCE.

In environmental participatory modeling (PM), both computer and non-computer-based modeling techniques are used to aid participatory problem description, solution, and decision-making actions in environmental contexts. Although many PM case studies have been published, few efforts have sought to systematically describe and understand dominant PM processes or establish best practices for PM. As a first step, we have reviewed a random sample of environmental PM case study articles (n = 60) using a novel PM process evaluation instrument. We found that significant work likely remains for PM to fully support participatory and integrated planning processes. While PM reports systematically address knowledge integration and learning, they often neglect the facilitation of a multi-value perspective within a democratic process, and the integration across organizations within a governance system. If not reported, we suspect these aspects are also neglected in practice. We conclude with key research and practice issues for improving PM as an approach for real-world participatory planning and governance.