Suchergebnisse

Migration is a gendered phenomenon, best understood as a series of relationships between socioeconomic factors and gender. Gender differences in migration efficiencies are investigated using the 1990 Census data in China. Results indicate that, although male migration rates are higher, female migration is more efficient in the sense that it contributes to greater population redistribution than male migration. Reflecting different economic and social roles, women are more likely to state social and family reasons for moving while men indicate economic motivations. In terms of the geography of movement, women are more sensitive than men to perceived and expected regional differences in economic opportunities, especially in rural areas. Job opportunities created in urban areas and by foreign enterprises are more attractive to male migrants. Development of light manufacturing industries and the benefits derived from the presence of previous migrants draw female more than male migrants.

ABSTRACTThis paper identifies short‐term fluctuations in the interstate migration system using annual state‐to‐state migration flow data from Internal Revenue Service (IRS) records for the period, 1980 to 1988. Measures of migration efficiency are employed to indicate the net redistribution of population between states relative to the size of underlying gross interstate flows. Three findings stand out: (1) migration was more effective in redistributing the population in years of economic retrenchment than during periods of growth and expansion, (2) the dominant pattern of population redistribution shifted from a core‐periphery configuration evident in the 1970s and early 1980s to a bi‐coastal distribution by the mid‐1980s, and (3) the most dramatic event of the 1980s was the oil glut and decline in oil prices and profits which ravaged the economies of energy states in the West South Central and Mountain regions. Rapid reversals from net in‐ to net out‐migration among energy states sent ripples and shock waves through the system of interstate migration flows. Overall, results demonstrate the high degree of temporal and spatial volatility in the U.S. interstate migration system.

ABSTRACT.Migration analysis is hindered by the lack of up‐to‐date migration data. This paper examines the feasibility of using information from the American Moving Conference (AMC), the trade organization of the moving industry, to develop timely estimates of gross in‐ and out‐migration and net migration rates at the state level. When adjusted for the spatially varying size of migrant households and the spatially varying market share of the professional moving industry, the number of AMC inbound and outbound shipments provide useful, but slightly imperfect, estimates of migration in 1990 and 1991. Viewed as a time series, adjusted AMC shipment data accurately reveal the major migration stories of the last decade. AMC‐based estimates for 1992, 1993, and 1994 provide a picture of state in‐ and out‐migration for years in which official data are not yet available.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Figures -- Tables -- PREFACE -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- ABBREVIATIONS -- CHAPTER 1 CENTRAL AND FEDERAL LEGISLATION AND THEIR INSTRUMENTS FOR REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT / DIE GESETZGEBUNG VON BUND UND LANDERN UND IHRE INSTRUMENTARAN DER REGIONALEN ENTWICKLUNG -- CHAPTER 2 SUBNATIONAL REGIONAL POLICIES IN THE UNITED STATES / SUBNATIONALE REGIONALPOLITIK IN DEN VEREINIGTEN STAATEN -- CHAPTER 3 THE FEDERAL SYSTEM OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY / DAS FODERATIVE SYSTEM DER BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND -- CHAPTER 4 CONCEPTIONS AND STRATEGIES ON REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY / KONZEPTIONEN UND STRATEGIEN ZUR RAUMORDNUNGSPOLITIK IN DER BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND -- CHAPTER 5 FEDERAL OUTLAYS AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT / BUNDESAUSGABEN UND REGIONALENTWICKLUNG -- CHAPTER 6 CORPORATE ORGANIZATION AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE AMERICAN FEDERAL SYSTEM: THEORY AND POLICY PERSPECTIVES / UNTERNEHMENS-ORGANISATION UND REGIONALE ENTWICKLUNG IM BUNDESSTAATLICHEN SYSTEM DER VEREINIGTEN STAATEN: THEORETISCHE UND POLITISCHE PERSPEKTIVEN -- CHAPTER 7 THE IMPACT OF DEFENSE SPENDING ON REGIONAL INDUSTRIAL CHANGE IN THE UNITED STATES / DER EINFLUSS VON VERTEIDIGUNGSAUSGABEÍ AUF DEN REGIONALEN INDUSTRIELLEN WANDEL IN DEN VEREINIGTEN STAATEN -- CHAPTER 8 FEDERAL HOUSING POLICY AND LOCAL HOUSING MARKETS / DIE WOHNUNGSPOLITIK DES BUNDES UND DIE ÖRTLICHEN WOHNUNGSMARKTE -- CHAPTER 9 REGIONAL POPULATION DEVELOPMENT WITHIN THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY / REGIONALE BEVÖLKERUNGSENTWICKLUNG IN DER BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND -- CHAPTER 10 FEDERAL POLICY, MIGRATION AND THE CHANGING GEOGRAPHY OF THE U.S. POPULATION / DIE ROLLE DER BUNDESREGIERUNG AUF DIE RAUMLICHE BEVÖLKERUNGSBEWEGUNG -- CHAPTER 11 NATIONAL LAND USE POLICIES IN THE UNITED STATES: EX PLURIBUS NULLUM / NATIONALE LANDNUTZUNGSPOLITIK IN DEN VEREINIGTEN STAATEN: EX PLURIBUS NULLUM -- CHAPTER 12 PROGRAMS FOR INFRASTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN RURAL AREAS / INFRASTRUKTURELLE ENTWICKLUNGSPROGRAMME IN LÄNDLICHEN GEBIETEN -- CHAPTER 13 JURISDICTIONAL ISSUES REGARDING FEDERAL AND STATE POLICY REGULATIONS: USE AND EXPLOITATION OF COASTAL AND OFFSHORE RESOURCES / GESETZGEBERISCHE ANSÄTZE DES BUNDES UND DER STAATEN ÜBER DIE NUTZUNG UND AUSBEUTE VON RESOURCEN AN DER KÜSTE UND IM MEER -- CHAPTER 14 NATIONAL AND REGIONAL INFLUENCES ON THE POSTWAR DEVELOPMENT OF THE WEST GERMAN INLAND WATERWAYS (WITH PARTICULAR CONSIDERATION OF WATER POLLUTION) / BUNDESSTAATLICHE UND REGIONALE EINFLÜSSE AUF DIE NACHKRIEGSENTWICKLUNG DER WEST DEUTSCHEN BINNENWASSERSTRASSEN (MIT BESONDEREN BERÜCKSICHTIGUNG DER WASSERVERSCHMUTZUNG) -- CHAPTER 15 THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE U.S. FEDERAL TRANSPORTATION DOLLAR: IMPLICATIONS FOR REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT / DIE RAUMLICHE VERTEILUNG DES VERKEHRS-DOLLARS DES BUNDES: AUSWIRKUNGEN AUF DIE REGIONALE ENTWICKLUNG -- CHAPTER 16 FEDERAL AIR QUALITY LEGISLATION: IMPLICATIONS FOR LAND USE / BUNDESGESETZE ZUR LUFTQUALITÄT: AUSWIRKUNGEN AUF DIE LANDNUTZUNG -- CHAPTER 17 FEDERAL IMPACTS ON ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN THE AMERICAN WEST/ DER EINFLUSS DER BUNDESREGIERUNG AUF ENERGIEENTWICKLUNG UND UMWELTBEWIRTSCHAFTUNG IM AMERIKANISCHEN WESTEN -- CHAPTER 18 THE FEDERAL ROLE IN U.S. WILDLIFE CONSERVATION WITH REFERENCE TO THE AMERICAN SOUTHWEST / DIE ROLLE DER BUNDESREGIERUNG IN DER WILDHEGE IN DEN VEREINIGTEN STAATEN IM BEZUG AUF DEN AMERIKANISCHEN SÜDWESTEN -- CHAPTER 19 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS AND THEIR EFFECTIVENESS IN AREAS ALONG THE EASTERN BORDER OF WEST GERMANY / REGIONALE ENTWICKLUNGSPROGRAMME UND IHRE WIRKSAMKEIT IM BEREICH DES ZONENRANDGEBIETS DER BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND -- CHAPTER 20 WEST BERLIN AND THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY / BERLIN (WEST) UND DIE BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND -- CHAPTER 21 THE POSTWAR DEVELOPMENT OF COLOGNE: A CASE STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF FEDERAL AND STATE AUTHORITIES AND ASSISTANCE UPON A LARGE URBAN COMMUNITY / DIE..NACHKRIEGSENTWICKLUNG VON KOLN: EINE FALLSTUDIE ÜBER DEN EINFLUSS UND DIE HILFE VON BUND UND LAND AUF EINE GROSSE STADTGEMEINDE -- CHAPTER 22 STATE GROWTH MANAGEMENT IN A FEDERAL SYSTEM: THE EXAMPLE OF HAWAII / DIE STEUERUNG DES WACHSTUM EINES STAATES IN EINEM BUNDESSYSTEM: DER FALL HAWAII -- CHAPTER 23 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT POLICIES BY THE FEDERAL STATE OF SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN: THE PROGRAM NORTH / REGIONALE ENTWICKLUNGSPOLITIK DES LANDES SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN: DAS PROGRAMM NORD -- GLOSSARY -- NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS

We convened a workshop to enable scientists who study water systems from both social science and physical science perspectives to develop a shared language. This shared language is necessary to bridge a divide between these disciplines' different conceptual frameworks. As a result of this workshop, we argue that we should view socio-hydrological systems as structurally co-constituted of social, engineered, and natural elements and study the "characteristic management challenges" that emerge from this structure and reoccur across time, space, and socioeconomic contexts. This approach is in contrast to theories that view these systems as separately conceptualized natural and social domains connected by bi-directional feedbacks, as is prevalent in much of the water systems research arising from the physical sciences. A focus on emergent characteristic management challenges encourages us to go beyond searching for evidence of feedbacks and instead ask questions such as: What types of innovations have successfully been used to address these challenges? What structural components of the system affect its resilience to hydrological events and through what mechanisms? Are there differences between successful and unsuccessful strategies to solve one of the characteristic management challenges? If so, how are these differences affected by institutional structure and ecological and economic contexts? To answer these questions, social processes must now take center stage in the study and practice of water management. We also argue that water systems are an important class of coupled systems with relevance for sustainability science because they are particularly amenable to the kinds of systematic comparisons that allow knowledge to accumulate. Indeed, the characteristic management challenges we identify are few in number and recur over most of human history and in most geographical locations. This recurrence should allow us to accumulate knowledge to answer the above questions by studying the long historical record of institutional innovations to manage water systems.