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Participatory budgeting (PB) is increasingly being used by local governments. The first American PB process was in Chicago in 2009 and built upon processes developed in Brazil. The adoption of PB programs in the United States has been closely tied to deliberative democracy and public engagement scholarship. As a result, PB research has benefited from detailed evaluations conducted as the first PB programs were implemented. This review essay also identifies research findings and topics for additional research. Public administration scholars and practitioners can especially contribute to this emerging literature by examining budget outcomes and the perspectives of public sector employees.

The Great Recession had a major effect on the provision of local public services. This article examines civic engagement before, during, and after the Great Recession using data from State of the Profession surveys sponsored by the International City/County Management Association. This study finds that cities increased their use of technology to inform citizens during the recession, but there were declines in the use of citizen surveys and strategic plans. The cities that were most impacted by the downturn had greater support for civic engagement activities in the aftermath of the Great Recession. The results indicate that fiscal stress impacts civic engagement in complex ways.

Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Editors and Contributors -- Part I Setting the Context -- Chapter 1 Sorting Out the 2016 U.S. Elections -- The Setting -- 114th Congress -- The 2016 Campaigns -- Incumbents (Still) Rule -- The Design of the Book -- References -- Chapter 2 Voting Behavior in the 114th Congress -- What Causes Races to Be Competitive? -- Do Members in Competitive Races Behave Differently Than Other Members? -- Presidential Support and Party Unity -- Key Votes -- Support for Donald Trump -- Voting Behavior in the 114th Congress and the 2016 Election Results -- Analysis -- References -- Chapter 3 Voter Suppression Policies in the 2016 Campaign Cycle -- Two Positive Trends -- The Voter Fraud Myth-Back with a Vengeance -- Voter Suppression 2016-Style -- Analysis -- References -- Chapter 4 What to Tweet when the Top Is Toxic? Gauging References to the 2016 Presidential Candidates in House Members' Social Media Posts -- Toxicity at the Top -- A Brief Review of the Twitter Use of Members of Congress -- References to the In-Party Presidential Candidate Using Official Accounts -- References to the Out-Party Presidential Candidate Using Official Accounts -- Race Competitiveness -- Campaign Accounts -- Reflection on 2016 -- References -- Chapter 5 Broken, Cracked, and Missed Ceilings: Female and Minority Candidates in the Congressional Races of 2016 -- Racial/Ethnic Minorities and Gender: The 2016 Election in Perspective -- Women's Races: Senate -- Women's Races: House of Representatives -- Minority Races: House of Representatives -- LGBT Candidates -- Analysis -- References -- Part II U.S. House of Representatives -- Chapter 6 California 49th Congressional District: A Near Upset in the Golden State -- The 49th Congressional District -- The Candidates -- Darrell Issa -- Doug Applegate

Some of the most populated and storied American cities had mayoral elections in 2013. Open contests in New York City, Los Angeles and Boston, for example, offer laboratories to examine electoral trends in urban politics. Cities are facing varied predicaments. Boston was rocked by the bombing of the marathon on April 15. Detroit is roiled by being the largest U.S. city to declare bankruptcy, and Chicago, which had an open, competitive election in 2011, is dealing with significant gun violence.

This article outlines how Master of Public Administration (MPA) and Doctor of Public Administration (DPA) programs from one university in the United States approach the integration of theory, research, and practice. The article reviews the historic missions of US public administration programs that focus on the development of public service professionals and specialized practitioners. Next, we share how the MPA program integrates theory and research with practice in the development of civic professionals. Examples from the MPA program are shown in a taxonomy with illustrative examples. This article also contrasts the MPA with the DPA program that follows a scholarly practitioner model. Rather than exclusively following a traditional theory-to-practice model, practice-to-theory and more experiential research projects are critical to the development of graduate public administration students working in complex environments. More student-centric and student-initiated approaches provide more opportunities for student engagement and also are aligned with emerging pedagogical models.

Focuses firearms regulation at the local government level; based on data from 55 cities for the period 1994-98.

Part I: Introduction -- Chapter 1: An Overview of the 2022 Midterm Elections -- Part II: Primaries and Party Dynamics -- Chapter 2: The Fate of Pro-Impeachment Republicans/Trump Endorses -- Chapter 3: God Talk or Trump Talk: Trump Congressional Endorsees and Partisan Signals -- Chapter 4: Resisting the Wave: Examining Co-partisan Coattail Effects Between the Senate and House 1958-2022 -- Part III: Governing Elections -- Chapter 5: Redistricting for the 2022 Election -- Chapter 6: The Maiden Voyage of Michigan's Redistricting Commission: Winners and Losers -- Chapter 7: Don't Leave Me Hanging: Twenty Years of Florida Elections Post HAVA -- Part IV: Participation and Representation -- Chapter 8: The Impact of Legislative Retirements on Congressional Diversity -- Chapter 9: Voter Turnout: Motivations and Electoral Implications -- Chapter 10: Campaign Donations and Surrogate Representation -- Chapter 11: New Perspectives on Partisanship, Electoral Competition, and Campaign Finance Behavior in congressional Elections -- Part IV: On the Trail: Key Campaigns in 2022 -- Chapter 12: Virginia's 2nd Congressional District: Does Redistricting Matter? -- Chapter 13: Three of a Kind: Iowa's Unique Congressional Competitiveness -- Chapter 14: 2022 New Hampshire U.S. Senate Race -- Chapter 15: 2022 Ohio U.S. Senate Race: A Test of Ohio's Redness and National Political Role -- Chapter 16: 2022 U.S. Nevada Senate Race: The Effects of in-migration and the Rise of Nonpartisan Voters in a Swing State -- Chapter 17: 2022 U.S. Georgia Senate Race -- Chapter 18: 2022 Pennsylvania U.S. Senate Race: They Keystone State becomes the Key to a Senate Majority -- Part VI: Conclusion -- Chapter 19: Lessons Learned: A Look Back and the Road Ahead.

Part I. Congress in Transition -- Chapter 1: The 2020 Elections Overview -- Part II. Congressional Campaign and Election Trends -- Chapter 2: Voting by Mail -- Chapter 3: How COVID19 affects the election -- Chapter 4: Sex and Social Media -- Chapter 5: Forecasting the 2020 elections -- Part III. U.S. House of Representatives Case Studies -- Chapter 6: Southern California's Flipped Congressional Districts: Roads to Reelection -- Chapter 7: Florida's 27 Congressional Districts: Some names and faces change but party control stays the same -- Chapter 8: New York's 22nd Congressional District -- Chapter 9: Oklahoma's 5th Congressional District -- Chapter 10: Texas Congressional Districts 22, 23, 24 -- Chapter 11: Virginia's 7th Congressional District -- Part IV. U.S. Senate Case Studies -- Chapter 12: Alabama Senate Campaign -- Chapter 13: Arizona Senate Campaign -- Chapter 14: Iowa Senate Campaign -- Chapter 15: Kansas Senate and House Campaigns -- Chapter 16: Maine Senate Campaign -- Chapter 17: North Carolina Senate Campaign -- Part V. Roads Ahead -- Chapter 18: Lessons Learned from the 2020 Elections.

Part I Congress in Transition -- 1. The 2018 Midterm Elections and the Changing Congress -- 2. Toward a More Inclusive Union? Examining the Increased Diversity of Candidates and Members of Congress -- 3. Fear and Loathing on Twitter: Exploring Negative Rhetoric in Tweets During the 2018 Midterm Election -- 4. Partisanship in the Trump Era: Situating Contemporary Congressional Parties in Historical Perspective -- 5. President Trump's Effect on House Republicans -- Part II U.S. House -- 6. California's 48th Congressional District: Sunset for Reagan Country -- 7. Florida's 26th and 27th Congressional Districts: Two Cuban American Strongholds Support Non-Cuban Democrats for Congress -- 8. Michigan's 11th Congressional District and the Anti-Trump Wave -- 9. Minnesota's 1st and 8th Congressional Districts: Riptide—Two Republicans Prevail Against the Blue Wave -- 10. New York's 19th and 22nd Congressional Districts: The Blue Wave Overwhelms the Red Tide -- 11. A Wolf in Sheep's Clothing: Conor Lamb, the Pennsylvania Wunderkind -- Part III U.S. Senate -- 12. North Dakota Senate Race: A Right Turn -- 13. A Senate Trifecta: Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia -- 14. Tennessee Senate Race: Call It What You Want, but Tennessee Is a Red Wall to the South -- 15. Texas Senate Race: "If You Want to Run in Texas, You Can't Be a Liberal Man"—Beto O'Rourke Challenges Ted Cruz, and Conventional Wisdom -- Part IV Roads Ahead -- 16. Lessons Learned from the 2018 Elections