Suchergebnisse

In the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century, Kosovan society faced numerous social, economic, and political problems. These problems became the main cause of the high rate of migration. Many citizens, especially young people, were forced to migrate to European countries and beyond in the absence of prospects in Kosovo. Unemployed and employed people migrated in search of a better life. Migration from Kosovo continues to be high to this day. Countries like Germany began issuing work visas to Kosovans after 2005, leading many young people to migrate to Germany.To understand the situation of Kosovan migrants before and after migration, the study (N = 350) aimed to investigate the situation of unemployment, employment, and satisfaction with pre - and post-migration earnings. The results show that around 75% of Kosovan migrants were unemployed before migrating and about 50% of those who were employed had low monthly incomes (up to 200 euros), while in the host society this situation has changed positively. The results indicate that, after the migration to the host society, about 85 % of Kosovan migrants are employed, over 50% have high incomes (around 2000 euros), and about one-third have changed their post-migration occupation.

In the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century, Kosovan society faced numerous social, economic, and political problems. These problems became the main cause of the high rate of migration. Many citizens, especially young people, were forced to migrate to European countries and beyond in the absence of prospects in Kosovo. Unemployed and employed people migrated in search of a better life. Migration from Kosovo continues to be high to this day. Countries like Germany began issuing work visas to Kosovans after 2005, leading many young people to migrate to Germany.To understand the situation of Kosovan migrants before and after migration, the study (N = 350) aimed to investigate the situation of unemployment, employment, and satisfaction with pre - and post-migration earnings. The results show that around 75% of Kosovan migrants were unemployed before migrating and about 50% of those who were employed had low monthly incomes (up to 200 euros), while in the host society this situation has changed positively. The results indicate that, after the migration to the host society, about 85 % of Kosovan migrants are employed, over 50% have high incomes (around 2000 euros), and about one-third have changed their post-migration occupation.

Povijesno gledano, migracije stanovništva su integralni dio svakog društva. Ekonomski slabo razvijene zemlje poput Kosova su zemlje iz kojih se odlazi. Zemlje jakih ekonomija te društvene i političke stabilnosti su zemlje u koje se odlazi. U prvoj polovini 20. stoljeća s Kosova je uglavnom odlazilo muško stanovništvo u potrazi za poslom i to u pravcu velikih industrijskih centara bivše Jugoslavije (individualna migracija). Nakon sedamdesetih godina prošlog stoljeća emigracija se proširila na europske zemlje. Glavni uzroci iseljavanja s Kosova ležali su u nepovoljnoj ekonomskoj i političkoj situaciji. Prema podacima popisa stanovništva iz 2011. oko 30% ukupnog stanovništva Kosova živi u inozemstvu. Novčane pošiljke emigranata igraju važnu ulogu u razvoju Kosova. Postoje, međutim, i negativni aspekti emigracije kao što su gubitak mladog stanovništva, gubitak obrazovanog stanovništva, rodni i dobni disbalans u zemlji porijekla itd. Analizom statističkih podataka i raznih studija, koristeći analitičke, povijesne, komparativne i demografske metode, ovaj rad proučava vremenske periode i socio-demografske karakteristike emigracije, iseljavanje po općinama na Kosovu, odredišta, motive, štetu i dobrobit emigracije. ; Migrations of population have been an integral part of the society throughout history. Countries with low levels of economic development like Kosovo are emigration countries, while immigration countries are those countries that have developed economies and social and political stability. Kosovar emigration until the beginning of the second half of the 20th century was individual migration (male workforce) headed to major industrial centres of the former Yugoslavia, whereas after the 1970s, it spread to European countries. Unfavourable economic and political situation is one of the main causes of Kosovar emigration. According to the population census (2011), approximately 30% of the general population of Kosovo live abroad. Remittances from emigration play an important role in the development of Kosovo. However, there are also negative aspects of emigration such as the loss of young population, the loss of skilled population, gender and age disbalance in the country of origin etc. By analyzing the statistical data and various studies, using analytical, historical, comparative and demographic methods, this paper aims to investigate the time periods of emigration, socio-demographic features of Kosovar emigration, emigration according to the municipalities of Kosovo, destinations of emigration, motives, losses and benefits of emigration.

The main aim of this study is to analyse the employment and unemployment rates in the Western Balkans, looking particularly at youth (aged 18–24 years) unemployment in Kosovo. The results of the study show that unemployment in this age group is high and that labour market policies are also not appropriate. The empirical study was conducted during the pandemic (2020), but statistics for study needs were used from the period 2001–2019. It involved young people aged 18–24 and used data from various local and international institutions regarding the labour market for young people, labour market policy, etc. The study shows that in Kosovo, 48.7% of young people aged 18–24 are unemployed and that the most pronounced unemployment is among women. A significant proportion of the young population is unemployed (46.4%) and youth unemployment among females is higher (53.6%) compared to males (42.9%) (Kosovo Agency of Statistics, 2020b). Kosovo's problem with youth unemployment is the result of poor economic development as well as inefficient labour market policies. The study recommends that policymakers develop sustainable and effective policies that will lead to stability in youth employment and improve the labour market performance. These policies should help organizations and businesses to increase the number of employees, but should also create long-term employment stability. Furthermore, a critical appraisal is necessary to avoid youth unemployment, instability in youth employment and labour market instability as a whole

The outbreak of COVID-19 and the quarantine affected Kosovo society by highlighting the media's role and importance in informing and raising citizen's citizens in a pandemic situation. At a time like this, besides the information and citizen's awareness, this situation was accompanied by a lot of fake news, complicating the social and psychological problems of the audience/citizens, leading to fear, anxiety, and social insecurity. Many media were driven by the desire of material interests, especially the online portals, social networks, etc., offering fake or false news to the public for the sole purpose of their material gain. This study aims to research the Kosovar media's role and impact during the pandemic and quarantine time. For this research, we have used the online questionnaire (Google Form) during July and August 2020. The target group was the population over 15 (N=908) in Kosovo's entire territory. T-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and other methods were used to analyze the data. The study results show that 51% of Kosovar citizens informed about Covid-19 during the pandemic and quarantine had used social networks. More than 63.7% of citizens were heavily influenced and, on average, by fake news. Fake news and misinformation from the media in Kosovo society hurt specific society categories, especially those with lower levels of education and social and economic problems, causing fear, social anxiety, and social insecurity.

Like many other countries in the world, Kosovo has faced a severe public health situation as a result of COVID-19. Kosovar society has been quarantined to protect it from the spread of Covid-19. Putting the community into quarantine has had a positive effect on stopping the spread of COVID-19; however, it has harmed domestic violence in Kosovar society, increasing the number of cases. This study aims to show the extent of violence and the causes of domestic violence in Kosovar society. The survey results show that domestic violence in Kosovo has increased (by 19.75 %) during the Covid-19 pandemic compared with the same months in the previous year (2019). The leading causes of domestic violence are stress (18.9 %), socio-economic insecurity (11.4 %), and a lack of physical space in the house/apartment (4.4 %).

The environment where the child is educated must offer different opportunities for children through which they will be helped in their social and emotional development, in accordance with their age and level of development. The physical and social environment affects the behavior of both, the educator and the child. By owning the environment and taking control of the classroom space, the educator and the child fulfill the need to feel capable of responding to any demand or challenge they face. Being a country in transition, Kosovo faces various challenges in terms of providing a suitable environment for education according to standards for children at an early age. The research focuses on early care and education institutions and how they provide adequate conditions in terms of physical and social environment and what are the differences between public and private institutions. The study was carried out with heads of nursery, kindergartens and preschool institutions, as well as, with educators and parents (N = 137). Precisely, ten public and ten private institutions were included in the study. The study was carried out in 8 municipalities or about 1/3 of the municipalities of Kosovo. The results of the study show that 74.1% of the institutions are satisfied with the physical spaces. However, there are significant differences between public and private institutions. The results of the study show that there is a higher satisfaction with 90% of public institutions with physical spaces compared to private ones which is 57%. Regarding social activities carried out in public and private institutions, the results show that there are no significant differences (p=0.129).

Received: 14 September 2022 / Accepted: 25 October 2022 / Published: 5 November 2022