Suchergebnisse

O artigo promove revisão bibliográfica sobre justiça juvenil no campo da sociologia no Brasil. As pesquisas são divididas em três conjuntos: as clássicas, centradas no perfil sociodemográfico dos adolescentes em conflito com a lei; um segundo grupo, que reúne, em sua maioria, estudos de teor etnográfico, reforçando o argumento da frouxa articulação; e, por fim, ratificando a ideia de justiça em linha de montagem, pesquisas sobre integração das instituições. O artigo demonstra o fortalecimento das abordagens organizacionais e a proeminência dos processos de sujeição criminal na trajetória recente da justiça juvenil no país.

La investigación compara el funcionamiento de la justicia juvenil en dos jurisdicciones de Minas Gerais (Brasil): una en la capital y otra en el interior del país. Se analizaron las implicaciones de estos modelos para prácticas, decisiones de los actores, resultados de los procesos y flujos. Se combinaron audiencias, entrevistas, lectura de expedien-tes y análisis de los resultados de los procesos. En la capital, la justicia es casi "instantánea". En el interior, la eficiencia se garantiza mediante acuerdos y conexiones interpersonales entre agentes. Se concluyó que ambas jurisdicciones funcionan como líneas de montaje informales. La diferencia es que, en la capital, las interacciones informales son inducidas por mecanismos institucionales, mientras que en el interior tienen un contenido eminentemente personal.

[EN] The European Commission favours the implementation and use of digital content and specially Open Educational Resources (OER) made accessible in higher education. Most of the lecturers have neither the skills nor the time to supply the teaching materials as digital content or OER. Therefore, Advanced Use of Learning Technologies in Higher Education (AduLeT) is a project that has been set up within the European Union Erasmus+ programme support, involving seven partners working together from November 2016 to August 2019. This project will provide lecturers with a community to share user experiences that integrate selected teaching methods with technologies and learning objects to solve an educational problem. AduLeT project brings in a Community of Practice (CoP) for lecturers with suitable teaching methods for technology enhanced learning (TEL). One specific requirement is the visualization of a set of category of tools matching with methods, like a matrix of methods and tools that can easily help teachers choosing from them. The lecturer can also find guidelines in the CoP for the effective use of TEL tools according to the methodology he/she plans to use in the learning process.The CoP will also make it possible to get in touch with other lecturers and to share experiences about teaching with TEL tools. In this contribution we will present the main requisites and functionalities implemented to provide the CoP, based on two workshops with the lecturers of the partner countries. We believe that this project could be an excellent support to the teacher, because it will present good practices for the use of appropriate educational technologies, properly conformed with teaching methods applicable to the resolution of problems, difficulties and requisites of common teaching. ; AduLeT has been funded with the support of the European Commission and co-funded by the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union. ; Gonçalves, V.; Chumbo, I.; Silva, E.; Patrício, M. (2019). AduLeT project: leading technology enhanced ...

5th International Symposium on Shallow Lakes, Dalfsen, The Netherlands, 5-9 June, 2005. ; The Furnas Lake is located in the island of São Miguel, Azores. lt is a small lake (area, 1.92 km2;average depth, 6.9 m) with agricultura as the main activity in the catchment area (12.45 Km² ). Water temperaturas range from 10 °C to 24 °C. The water is turbid (Secchi disc depth is rarely > 1 m) and with a relatively high nutrient load (total N up to 2 mg.l ̄ ¹. total P up to 0.1 mg.l ̄ ¹ Turbid water and the frequent algae blooms caused by agricultura! runoff are considered a nuisance for tourism. The Regional Government has taken a series of measures of improve nutrient control, both upstream and in the water mass, but the problem has persisted. A two-year biomanipulation project started in March 2005 is aimed at reducing the cyprinid density (carp, Cyprinus carpio and roach, Rutilus rutilus) of the lake from 150 to about 20 kg.ha ̄ ¹ , and at monitoring the effects of this measure on water quality, macrophytes, zooplankton and the fish communities. The project work plan includes 1). the production of public information campaigns directed to ali lake users; 2). a survey of the initial state of the distribution and biomass of macrophytes, and species, size and biomass of zooplankton; 3). an intensiva removal of carp and roach during the reproductive season, employing gill and seine nets; and 4). to monitor the effects of biomanipulation on the water quality and biota.

Purpose: assess the primary methods utilized in land use and land cover classification research to determine the most frequently applied techniques and potential trends
Methodology/Approach: a bibliometric study was carried out in the Scopus scientific article databases, counting the use of classification methods between 2012 and 2022. The obtained data was converted into SQL database tables and processed using queries, looking for articles whose abstracts contains keywords related to land cover and land use methods.
Findings: a general growth trend in the studies of this area was discovered, with an increase in the use of machine learning-based methodologies and stabilization in the use of other methods. Statistical methods were also heavily used, while others were used less frequently.
Research Limitation/implication: it's important to note that keywords present in abstract sections does not necessarily correspond to the mentioned methods being applied in the studies. This leads to some expected degree of imprecision, but the data remains a reasonable representation of the popularity of each method.
Originality/Value of paper: considering that the scientific literature lacks a quantitative understanding of the usage of land use and land cover classifiers, this work aims to fill that gap by providing usable data.

Higher education lecturers are currently overwhelmed with the idea of changing from the old paradigm, in which teaching and learning happened through a teacher-centred perspective, to a student centred approach, currently a more widely accepted new teaching standpoint, which lecturers are eager to transform into a vivid and motivating experience, by exploring various alternatives. The pressure to do so while resorting to several technological tools is enormous. The use of technological tools available to every student, namely smartphones, social networks, new platforms and other devices do not suffice anymore. Teachers and lecturers seek to go beyond the obvious tools and search for a way to combine these technologies and the new pedagogical approach in order to provide a more profound meaning to the teaching and learning process. AduLeT – Advanced Use of Learning Technologies in higher education – is a European project involving seven different institutions, which aims at improving the teaching quality of lecturers by enhancing their skills concerning the use of technologies in an advanced way, through a Community of Practice (CoP) where methods and tools are intertwined, thus envisaging a common outcome: sharing ready-made solutions which have been tested in a higher education context to solve an educational problem. The aims of this contribution are as follows: 1. to describe the project in the given context; 2. to explain the different stages and methodology towards the design of the CoP; 3. to provide insight about the CoP itself; 4. To clarify how higher education teachers can use the CoP in their daily educational routine. The CoP is made available through a platform, currently correcting some functionalities in the evaluating stage with potential end users, which consists of an application developed with an author programming tool that allows getting flexible, visual, easy and logic navigation and interaction. The platform has been developed to provide users with a valuable experience to facilitate lecturers' understanding and usability. Our experience shows that a CoP could facilitate the adaptation process and allow a faster and more effective transferability of teaching innovations among different countries as well as among lecturers and universities at an international level. Currently the CoP already contains methods from different fields of knowledge and a variety of tools which can allow a lecturer to choose from, in order to include them in their lectures and seminars as to obtain a better interaction from the student's side and also to create a more motivated approach on a daily basis. ; AduLeT has been funded with the support of the European Commission and co-funded by the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The European Commission favours the implementation and use of digital content and specially Open Educational Resources (OER) made accessible in higher education. Most of the lecturers have neither the skills nor the time to supply the teaching materials as digital content or OER. Therefore, Advanced Use of Learning Technologies in Higher Education (AduLeT) is a project that has been set up within the European Union Erasmus+programme support, involving seven partners working together from November 2016 to August 2019. This project will provide lecturers with a community to share user experiences that integrate selected teaching methods with technologies and learning objects to solve an educational problem. AduLeT project brings in a Community of Practice (CoP) for lecturers with suitable teaching methods for technology enhanced learning (TEL). One specific requirement is the visualization of a set of category of tools matching with methods, like a matrix of methods and tools that can easily help teachers choosing from them. The lecturer can also find guidelines in the CoP for the effective use of TEL tools according to themethodology he/she plans to use in the learning process.The CoP will also make it possible to get in touch with other lecturers and to share experiences about teaching with TEL tools. In this contribution we will present the main requisites and functionalities implemented to provide the CoP, based on two workshops with the lecturers of the partner countries. We believe that this project could be an excellent support to the teacher, because it will present good practices for the use of appropriate educational technologies, properly conformed with teaching methods applicable to the resolution of problems, difficulties and requisites of common teaching. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Dado el creciente cambio climático y la necesidad de mecanismos de gestión forestal sostenible este estudio evaluó la viabilidad económica y el potencial de generación de créditos de carbono en un área de manejo sostenible en Porto Acre, Brasil. Se realizó un inventario forestal en una superficie de 1.253,02 ha, identificando 12.794 árboles comerciales de 81 especies distribuidas en 22 familias y 68 géneros. Del área de manejo, 3.733 árboles de 44 especies, pertenecientes a 15 familias y 38 géneros, eran aprovechables. El volumen total de madera disponible fue de 19.723 m³ ha-1. Utilizando el método de la Relación Ingresos/Costos, se determinó que el costo total de gestión fue de R$ 1.954,17 ha-1, mientras que los ingresos por madera en troza alcanzaron los R$ 17.486,61 ha-1,. Además, se identificaron 9.061 árboles en áreas de preservación permanente, contribuyendo a la mitigación del cambio climático al almacenar 116.134 Mg C ha-1. Esta actividad podría generar créditos de carbono con un valor neto de R$ 1.050.378,55. El manejo sostenible en esta área demostró ser económicamente viable y capaz de contribuir a la mitigación del cambio climático al mantener el carbono almacenado a largo plazo.

Horse breeding is expanding in Brazil. Nevertheless, equine infectious anemia (EIA) a transmissible, incurable disease is an obstacle to the development of the horse industry. Therefore, to determine the incidence of EIA at stud farms in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, a serological survey was conducted to estimate the prevalence and identify potential risk factors for equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) transmission. This was the second stage of an ongoing study on the epidemiology of the disease, which was first observed in draft horses. A sample of 7,742 equids from 717 stud farms in seven regions within the State was tested between May 2004 and January 2006. Laboratory tests including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and agar gel immunodiffusion were conducted for screening and confirmation, respectively. The prevalence of EIA was estimated to be 0.44% (95% confidence interval [CI]=0.00-0.871) at the farm level and 0.07% (95% CI=0.00-0.251) at the animal level. The low prevalence of EIA in stud farms might be explained by the higher zootechnical value of stable-bred animals, which leads to periodical serological control and compliance with the slaughter of test-positive animals in order to keep the farm EIA-free. Moreover, stable-bred horses usually travel more and are subjected to more official controls than are draft horses. The highest prevalence of EIA was observed in regions 1 (North/Northwest of Minas Gerais) and 2 (Vale do Mucuri/Jequitinhonha), with rates of 0.34% and 0.72%, respectively. These results show that the prevalence of EIA at stud farms in Minas Gerais is generally low, with the prevalence being higher in the northern part of the State (regions 1 and 2). A previous serological survey on EIA among draft horses showed a very similar distribution of EIA infection in Minas Gerais. These results suggest a very similar pattern of EIA distribution across the State and irrespective of zootechnical value, but the northern/northwestern regions have a higher prevalence than do the southern regions.

A cross sectional study was performed between June 2009 and March 2010 to determine the situation of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in Rondônia. The state was divided into three regions and, in each of them, 300 farms with reproductive activity were randomly chosen and considered as primary sample units. In the selected farms, an epidemiologic questionnaire was applied. A fixed number of bovine females older than two years of age was randomly selected and tested through comparative cervical tuberculin test. Considering the State of Rondônia, the apparent prevalence of bTB positive farms was 2.3% (95% CI = 1.5–3.5%). The prevalence in the regions varied from 1.7% (95% CI = 0.7 – 4%) to 3% (95% CI = 1.6–5.7%). The apparent prevalence of bTB positive animals in the State of Rondônia was 0.12% (95% CI = 0.06–0.25%) and varied from 0.08% (95% CI = 0.04–0.18%) to 0.15% (95% CI = 0.07–0.33%) in the regions. The risk factor associated to tuberculosis in the State of Rondônia was the acquisition of animals (OR = 7.1; 95% CI = 1.6–31.1). The State of Rondônia should implement a surveillance system to detect bTB-infected herds to certify them as bTB-free. Moreover, an efficient health education program to inform farmers to test replacement animals for bTB prior to introduction in their herds should also be implemented.

The aims of the present study were to compare centrality and other measures of bovine movement networks in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, in 2007, by examination of the positive and negative herds identified in the brucellosis survey conducted in 2003. In addition, we aimed to examine the association between herd size (measured by the number of females older than 24 months, denoted FEM24+) and animal trade between herds. We found a statistical association between brucellosis occurrence and both the total degree (number of traded animals) and out-degree (for the number of animals sold and the number of neighboring herds). This finding suggests that positive herds in the 2003 survey were trading (particularly selling) more frequently in 2007 than negative herds, thereby presumably increasing the risk of disease spread. Statistical differences observed (p-values) in the network of movements for reproduction purposes were more significant than those observed in other networks for average herd size; degrees of animals, batches, and neighbors; outdegree of neighbors; and betweenness. We found positive associations (p < 0.001) between the following variables: number of traded animals and the FEM24+ herd size; FEM24+ herd size and FEM24+ herd size of neighbors within the network of cattle movement; FEM24+ herd size of neighbors and number of traded animals; and weighted degree (animals) of neighbors and degree (animals) of the herd of origin. A comparison of positive and negative herds stratified by herd size (? 10 FEM24+; 11-50 FEM24+; and > 50 FEM24+), within the network of movements for reproduction purposes, revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) in the > 50 FEM24+ category only, for average herd size, total degree (animals, batches, and neighbors), outdegree (animals, batches, and neighbors), and outcloseness. Logistic regression analysis, in which average herd size and degree (animals) were both factors, showed that a tenfold increase in herd size and the number of animals traded would lead to an increased chance of a herd being positive by 41% (OR = 1.41 [1.01; 1.99]) and 39% (OR = 1.39 [1.05; 1.85]), respectively. We concluded that the presence of bovine brucellosis is associated with a larger herd size, which is consistent with other reports. We also found an association between the increased trade of bovines and the presence of bovine brucellosis. Furthermore, an association was noted between herd size and animal trade, both of which could contribute to the spread of brucellosis.

In order to plan the fight against bovine brucellosis in the state of Alagoas, Brazil, a cross-sectional study was carried out between April and October 2018 to estimate the prevalence of infected herds and animals, as well as the risk factors associated with the disease. Through a two-stage sampling design, blood samples were collected from 3,046 bovine females aged ≥ 24 months from 634 herds, in two different regions of the state. A questionnaire was applied at each farm to assess the association of possible risk factors with the disease. All selected animals were screened by the Rose Bengal test followed by retesting of positives by the Complement Fixation test. For the state, the prevalence of infected herds was estimated at 3.2% [2.1; 4.9] and that of seropositive animals at 0.9% [0.5; 1.4], with no statistical difference between regions. The risk factors identified were pasture rent (OR = 3.11 [1.28; 7.37]) and herd size equal to or greater than 14 females aged ≥ 24 months (OR=4.91 [2.02; 11.66]). It was recommended that the state of Alagoas develop health education action with the beef and dairy cattle production chains, so that producers avoid renting pastures or start practicing it with sanitary care for brucellosis and that they also observe these same concerns when introducing animals in their herds. In addition, the state should consider the convenience of structuring a surveillance system aiming at the eradication of bovine brucellosis, given the low prevalence of infected herds and seropositve animals.