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I had the fortune of having Professor Bat-Ami Bar On as my mentor and dissertation supervisor. I engaged with her in sustained dialogue for over four years, from when she welcomed me to the graduate program in social, political, ethical, and legal philosophy at Binghamton University until our last conversation, shortly before her untimely death in November of 2020. I have been retracing in my memory some moments of this journey together, and as I do, I realize that writing this reflection is essentially a way of saying "Thank you" to Ami, or, at least, expressing my gratitude publicly to my teacher and mentor. At the same time, grateful as I am for how she guided and accompanied me, I cannot help feeling that our dialogue was abruptly interrupted and that (as time passes) the list of questions and issues that I would have liked to talk about with her only grows. Ami as a mentor and as a political thinker becomes more and more irreplaceable in my mind; and, as I recall her, I realize how much I would have liked to count on Ami for professional and personal advice in the years to come.

Abstract. This article*** refers to the sociocultural implications of being a woman and not being a mother in the Mexican context, characterized by having an extremely traditional family model. In Mexico, any family structure that gets out of the heteronormativity, including homoparental families, single parents, LGBTTTIQ+ couples and couples without children, is questioned, judged and criticized. The approach is made mainly from the feminist epistemology, since, from politics and criticism, it makes visible the unequal power relations that exist between men and women, as well as the gender roles that have been imposed socio-historically on each one, which are legitimized by the discourses of science, religion and patriarchy, generating that men continue to be the main occupants of the public spaces and women of the private spaces such as the home and what it essentially entails: motherhood. As Saletti explains, one goal of feminist theory is "to analyze the construction of social discourses about women" (2008, p. 169), one of them being motherhood. She also states that "by revealing the constructed character [of maternal practice], it demonstrates that the social imaginary about it, is shaped by diverse representations that identify motherhood with femininity, providing a common ideal for all women" (2008, p. 170). That is why the article addresses issues such as gender roles, mother­hood, science, patriarchy and how these aspects impact or influence women who have decided not to be mothers.Keywords: motherhood, social construction, gender, power, child-free women. ; Resumen. El presente artículo** hace referencia a las implicaciones socioculturales que tiene el ser mujer y no ser madre dentro del contexto mexicano, caracterizado por tener ex­tremadamente arraigado el modelo de familia tradicional. En México, toda estructura familiar que se salga de la heteronormatividad, incluyendo a familias homoparentales, monoparen­tales, parejas LGBTTTIQ+ y parejas sin hijos, es cuestionada, juzgada y criticada.El abordaje se realiza principalmente desde la epistemología feminista, ya que, a partir de la política y la crítica, visibiliza las relaciones desiguales de poder que existen entre hom­bres y mujeres, así como los roles de género que se han impuesto socio-históricamente a cada uno, las cuales son legitimadas por los discursos de la ciencia, la religión y el patriarcado, gen­erando que los hombres continúen siendo los principales ocupantes de los espacios públicos y las mujeres de los espacios privados como lo es el hogar y lo que éste conlleva esencialmente: la maternidad. Como expone Saletti, un objetivo de la teoría feminista es "analizar la construc­ción de los discursos sociales sobre las mujeres" (2008, p. 169), siendo uno de ellos el de la maternidad. De igual manera, señala que "al revelar el carácter construido [de la práctica ma­terna], demuestra que el imaginario social sobre la misma está configurado por diversas rep­resentaciones que identifican la maternidad con la feminidad proporcionando un ideal común para todas las mujeres" (2008, p.170). Es por esto que el artículo aborda temas como roles de género, maternidad, ciencia, patriarcado y la manera en que estos aspectos repercuten o influyen en las mujeres que han decidido no ser madres.Palabras clave: maternidad, construcción social, género, poder, mujeres sin hijos.

El Estado como institución político-jurídica, así como las estructuras de poder y organización social, han sufrido grandes transformaciones en el mundo contemporáneo, producto de discusiones y tendencias como la globalización, la reconfiguración de la legitimidad de las instituciones burocráticas, el establecimiento de estándares, políticas y prácticas de calidad internacional, el impacto de las crisis de la hacienda pública, entre otros factores que influenciaron la creciente intervención de los particulares y sus mecanismos de regulación en la gestión de los asuntos públicos. El Estado Colombiano no ha sido ajeno a tales situaciones, y la creciente injerencia del sector privado en lo público, se ha visto representada en la expedición del régimen legal de las Asociaciones Público Privadas (Ley 1508 de 2012), en virtud del cual los particulares estructuran, ejecutan y desarrollan proyectos conjugando el ánimo de lucro con la promoción del interés general. De conformidad con lo anterior, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo sistematizar y analizar las disposiciones legales y reglamentarias relacionadas con el régimen de las Asociaciones Público Privadas, así como abordar reflexiones sobre la transformación del Estado y el papel de los particulares en el ámbito de lo público. ; The State as a legal and political institution, the structures of the power and the social organizations have suffered big transformations in the contemporary world. This has occurred due to trends such as globalization, the reconfiguration of the legitimacy of bureaucratic institutions, the establishment of standards, politics and practices of international quality and the big impact of the crisis in public finances among other factors. Also, the aforementioned aspects have influenced the growing intervention of the private sector and their regulation mechanisms in the management of public affairs. The Colombian State has not been immune to such situations. The increasing interference of the private sector into public affairs has been represented in the expedition of the Law for Public- Private Partnerships – Law 1508 of 2012. Under this law, the private sector defines, executes and develops projects that combine profit motivations with public interest. According to the mentioned above, the present work has as its objective to systematize and analyze the legal provisions related to the Public-Private Partnerships - Law 1508 of 2012. Furthermore, it seeks to study the transformation of the State and the role of the private sector in the public sector.

The purpose of this work is to diagnose and analyze municipal management from the human talent in the municipality of Tepeji del Rio in order to optimize diligence. The study has a quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive-analytical approach. The data collection through the application of the instrument to managerial staff and middle managers was validated obtaining (,866) applying the Alpha Cronbach test. The dimensions studied: political environment, management by results, operational management, by competencies and strategic management show an intermediate-low level of management, which allows establishing points of improvement to the identified findings. ; El presente trabajo tiene como propósito diagnosticar y analizar la gestión municipal desde el elemento del talento humano en el municipio de Tepeji del Rio con el fin de optimizar la diligencia. El estudio tiene enfoque cuantitativo, no experimental, de alcance descriptivo- analítico. La recolección de datos mediante la aplicación de instrumento al personal directivo y mandos medios se validó obteniendo (,866) al aplicar la prueba Alpha Cronbach. Las dimensiones estudiadas: entorno político, gestión por resultados, gestión operativa, por competencias y gestión estratégica muestran un nivel de gestión intermedio-bajo, lo que permite establecer puntos de mejora a los hallazgos identificados.

Resumen: La investigación realizada presenta un análisis de la inclusión del concepto de familia en 26 planes de desarrollo municipal del departamento de Boyacá para el periodo 2020 – 2023. La metodología utilizada se basó en el análisis documental de dichos planes de desarrollo desde las categorías de familia y política pública en el contexto territorial municipal. Como resultados se identificaron tres aspectos que permiten evidenciar las condicionesde las familias boyacenses y la atención a las mismas: la incidencia de la violencia intrafamiliar y sus factores de riesgo, la promoción de normatividad orientada a la protección integral de las familias y las estrategias ejercidas y/o proyectadas por las entidades territoriales respondiendo a las necesidades de las mismas, su garantía de derechos y la prevención de cualquier tipo de violencia al interior del hogar, especialmente en la adopción de acciones de prevención en tiempos de confinamiento donde la problemática se agudizó a nivel departamental y nacional.

The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a significant impact on the economy and health, especially for the most vulnerable social groups. The social determinants of health are one of the most relevant risks for becoming infected with COVID-19, due to the health consequences for those who are exposed to it. The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of social determinants in health on COVID-19 infection in vulnerable social groups. A transversal epidemiological study was carried out on 746 individuals in vulnerable situations living in conditions of extreme poverty in disadvantaged areas in the province of Almeria (southeast of Spain). Social determinants of health such access to drinking water (p < 0.001) and economic income (p = 0.04) influenced the infection of COVID-19. A binary logistic regression model showed that the significant predictors of COVID-19 infection were the lack of economic income and inaccessible drinking water. The government and social health services must be aware of this problem in order to play an active role in searching for solutions and implementing public health prevention measures to eliminate social inequalities in health.

Diabetis tipus 2; Hiperactivitat simpàtica; Risc cardiovascular ; Diabetes tipo 2; Hiperactividad simpática; Riesgo cardiovascular ; Type 2 diabetes; Sympathetic hyperactivity; Cardiovascular risk ; Introduction: Many studies on the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on sleep breathing have shown a higher prevalence and severity of sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) in those with T2DM. Moreover, an increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system has been described in both pathologies. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess sympathetic activity in patients with T2DM, and to investigate the relationship between sympathetic activity and polysomnographic parameters. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six patients with T2DM without known clinical macrovascular nor pulmonary disease and 11 controls underwent respiratory polygraphy, and their cardiac variability and 24-h urine total metanephrines were measured. Results: SAHS was highly prevalent with a mean apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) in the range of moderate SAHS. In patients with T2DM, the nocturnal concentration of total metanephrines in urine were higher than diurnal levels [247.0 (120.0–1375.0) vs. 210.0 (92.0–670.0), p = 0.039]. The nocturnal total metanephrine concentration was positively and significantly associatedwith the percentage of sleeping time spent with oxygen saturation <90%(CT90). In the entire population and in subjects with T2DM, the multivariate regression analysis showed a direct interaction between the nocturnal concentration of urine metanephrines and the CT90. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the increase in sympathetic activity previously described in patients with T2DM could be mediated through nocturnal breathing disturbances. The diagnosis and treatment of SAHS may influence sympathetic activity disorders and may contribute to an improvement in T2DM and cardiovascular risk. ; This study was supported by grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria, PI12/00803 and PI15/00260), European Union (European Regional Development Fund, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, Una manera de hacer Europa), the Fundación Sociedad Española Endocrinología y Nutrición, and Menarini Spain S.A. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

In order to compare spirometric maneuvers in adults according to the presence of type 1 diabetes, a case-control study including 75 patients with type 1 diabetes and 75 controls matched by sex, age, and body mass index were designed. In addition, 75 patients with type 1 diabetes were added to examine the potential the impact of subcutaneous insulin therapy on pulmonary function. Lung function measurements were assessed according to the global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease guidelines. Basal insulin included long-acting insulin analogues and the delivered background insulin in patients with pump therapy. Bolus insulin included rapid-acting insulin analogues and the delivered insulin to cover postprandial hyperglycemias. Patients with type 1 diabetes showed lower spirometric values in comparison to the control group, together with a higher prevalence of forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) <80% (10.7% vs. 2.7%, p = 0.044) and restrictive ventilatory pattern (10.7% vs. 0%, p = 0.006) The dose of basal insulin (U/kg/day) showed a negative correlation with forced vital capacity (FVC) (r = −0.205, p = 0.012) and FEV1 (r = −0.182, p = 0.026). The optimal cut-off value for identifying patients with a restrictive spirometric pattern was 0.5 U/kg/day of basal insulin. Additionally, basal insulin (U/kg/day) independently predicted the presence of both a restrictive spirometric pattern (OR = 77.1 (3.2 to 1816.6), p = 0.007) and an abnormal FEV1 (OR = 29.9 (1.5 to 562.8), p = 0.023). In patients with type 1 diabetes, higher basal insulin dosage seems to be related with an impairment of pulmonary function. ; This work was partially supported by grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria PI12/00803, PI15/00260 and PI18/00964), and European Union (European Regional Development Fund, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, "Una manera de hacer Europa"), and Menarini Spain S-A. CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas and CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias are initiatives of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Introduction: Many studies on the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on sleep breathing have shown a higher prevalence and severity of sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) in those with T2DM. Moreover, an increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system has been described in both pathologies. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess sympathetic activity in patients with T2DM, and to investigate the relationship between sympathetic activity and polysomnographic parameters. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six patients with T2DM without known clinical macrovascularnorpulmonarydiseaseand11controlsunderwentrespiratorypolygraphy, and their cardiac variability and 24-h urine total metanephrines were measured. Results: SAHS was highly prevalent with a mean apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) in the range of moderate SAHS. In patients with T2DM, the nocturnal concentration of total metanephrines in urine were higher than diurnal levels [247.0 (120.0–1375.0) vs. 210.0 (92.0–670.0), p = 0.039]. The nocturnal total metanephrine concentration was positively and significantly associatedwith the percentage of sleeping time spent with oxygen saturation <90%(CT90). In the entire population and in subjects with T2DM, the multivariate regression analysis showed a direct interaction between the nocturnal concentration of urine metanephrines and the CT90. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the increase in sympathetic activity previously described in patients with T2DM could be mediated through nocturnal breathing disturbances. The diagnosis and treatment of SAHS may influence sympathetic activity disorders and may contribute to an improvement in T2DM and cardiovascular risk. ; This study was supported by grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria, PI12/00803 and PI15/00260), European Union (European Regional Development Fund, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, Una manera de hacer Europa), the Fundación Sociedad Española Endocrinología y Nutrición, and Menarini Spain S.A. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

HP1 is a structural component of heterochromatin. Mammalian HP1 isoforms HP1α, HP1β, and HP1γ play different roles in genome stability, but their precise role in heterochromatin structure is unclear. Analysis of Hp1α-/-, Hp1β-/-, and Hp1γ-/- MEFs show that HP1 proteins have both redundant and unique functions within pericentric heterochromatin (PCH) and also act globally throughout the genome. HP1α confines H4K20me3 and H3K27me3 to regions within PCH, while its absence results in a global hyper-compaction of chromatin associated with a specific pattern of mitotic defects. In contrast, HP1β is functionally associated with Suv4-20h2 and H4K20me3, and its loss induces global chromatin decompaction and an abnormal enrichment of CTCF in PCH and other genomic regions. Our work provides insight into the roles of HP1 proteins in heterochromatin structure and genome stability. ; This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) (SAF2011-25860 and SAF2014-55964R to A.V.) and cofunded by FEDER funds/European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)-a way to build Europe, the Catalan Government Agency AGAUR (2009SGR-914 and 2014SGR-400 to A.V.), HGINJ (to L.S.), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB1064 to G.S.), and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) (MOP-97878 to J.A.).

Background: Adult T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a rare disease that affects less than 10 individuals in one million. It has been less studied than its cognate pediatric malignancy, which is more prevalent. A higher percentage of the adult patients relapse, compared to children. It is thus essential to study the mechanisms of relapse of adult T-ALL cases. Results: We profile whole-genome somatic mutations of 19 primary T-ALLs from adult patients and the corresponding relapse malignancies and analyze their evolution upon treatment in comparison with 238 pediatric and young adult ALL cases. We compare the mutational processes and driver mutations active in primary and relapse adult T-ALLs with those of pediatric patients. A precise estimation of clock-like mutations in leukemic cells shows that the emergence of the relapse clone occurs several months before the diagnosis of the primary T-ALL. Specifically, through the doubling time of the leukemic population, we find that in at least 14 out of the 19 patients, the population of relapse leukemia present at the moment of diagnosis comprises more than one but fewer than 108 blasts. Using simulations, we show that in all patients the relapse appears to be driven by genetic mutations. Conclusions: The early appearance of a population of leukemic cells with genetic mechanisms of resistance across adult T-ALL cases constitutes a challenge for treatment. Improving early detection of the malignancy is thus key to prevent its relapse. ; The authors would like to thank the Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer (AECC) for financially supporting this project (GC16173697BIGA). N.L.-B. acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (consolidator grant 682398) and the ERDF/Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities–Spanish State Research Agency/DamReMap Project (RTI2018-094095-B-I00). S. G work is supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 754510. I. S is supported by FPI fellowship from Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (project reference SAF2015-66084-R). V.G-H. is supported by the AECC (project reference GC16173697BIGA-9). IRB Barcelona is a recipient of a Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence Award from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO; Government of Spain) and is supported by CERCA (Generalitat de Catalunya).