Suchergebnisse

En los actuales contextos globalizados, las empresas se encuentran en una búsqueda incesante por diferenciarse. La oferta de bienes y servicios en general ha crecido, tanto en cantidad como en calidad. A tal grado se produce este fenómeno que, si la empresa no encuentra una buena razón (y la comunica correctamente) para ser elegida por los consumidores, se condena a perder mercado y/o rentabilidad. Las tradicionales fuentes de ventaja competitiva se encuentran sobreexplotadas. Además de presentar problemas con su sostenibilidad. En principio, es necesario definir la reputación corporativa y diferenciarla de otros conceptos con los cuales se relaciona. Con esta base, se procederá a referirse a la reputación corporativa y la generación de valor. Luego, determinar las principales características de la reputación y examinar hasta qué punto pueden constituirse en una ventaja competitiva. Y, por último, indagar si es posible la sostenibilidad. Si así fuera, las erogaciones realizadas para generar reputación favorable podrían considerarse inversiones y calcularse el retorno de las mismas. Se abre así, un campo de actuación de los licenciados en Relaciones Públicas que seguramente encontrarán argumentos sólidos para interesar a la gente de negocios en esta temática. Este trabajo pretende ser un aporte en este sentido.

En su novela The Dew Breaker (2004), la autora haitianoamericana Edwidge Danticat emplea el concepto de fragmentación tanto a nivel temático como de estructura narrativa. Alrededor de la figura central del que fuera uno de los "tonton macoutes" durante la dictadura de los Duvalier, Danticat crea un mundo de enajenación y dislocación habitado por exiliados física y psicológicamente, un mundo que viene determinado en gran medida por las convulsiones políticas y los regímenes opresores de Haití, así como por la difícil experiencia vital de los inmigrantes haitianos en Estados Unidos. El presente artículo pretende explorar cómo se produce dicha fragmentación y cómo afecta a aquellos que la experimentan dentro de un contexto, ya de por sí fragmentado, de exilio y emigración de la comunidad haitiana. ; In her 2004 novel, The Dew Breaker, the Haitian-American writer Edwidge Danticat employs the concept of fragmentation at both a thematic and structural levels. Around the central figure of a former "tonton macoute" during the Duvalier dictatorship, Danticat creates a world of alienation, estrangement and dislocation peopled by geographic and psychological exiles, which is very much determined by the Haitian political upheavals and oppressive regimes together with the harsh vital experience of Haitian immigrants in the United States. It is the aim of this essay to explore how such fragmentation is produced and how it affects those who experience it in the already fractured context of exile and migration from the Haitian homeland.

La sede episcopal de Burgos ofrece un modelo de creación de una nueva diócesis en un contexto de existencia de varias sedes episcopales de límites fluidos que son unificadas por decisión regia en una sola cabecera diocesana (1075), que se convertirá también en capital política de facto del joven reino de Castilla. Entre el siglo XI y el XII vemos a los obispos actuar como agentes de la política eclesiástica de los monarcas castellanos y como señores que van adquiriendo patrimonio en determinadas áreas de lo que, desde finales del siglo XI, serán los límites definitivos de las diócesis. Esta contribución persigue arrojar luz sobre la aparición y evolución hasta el siglo XIV de las divisiones intradiocesanas (arcedianatos y arciprestazgos) que contribuyeron a la afirmación territorial e institucional del obispo y su colegio de clérigos. Para ello, es preciso revisar la cronología y definir la evolución del significado de las figuras del arcediano y del arcipreste, las cuales parecen haber precedido a la delimitación de sus espacios de actuación desde finales del siglo XI. Solo desde esta base de partida, se podrá avanzar en la comprensión del papel que jugaron estas figuras en la construcción de la diócesis de Burgos. ; The episcopal see of Burgos, which would become the de facto political capital of the new kingdom of Castile, provides a model for the formation by royal command of a new diocese out of several earlier sees. In the 11th and 12th centuries, bishops acted both as royal agents in the pursuit of the religious policies of the Castilian monarchs and as lords who gradually accumulated the territories that would come to form the boundaries of the diocese. This paper sheds light on the emergence and development of intra-diocesan circumscriptions (archdeaconries and archpresbyterate) that contributed to the territorial and institutional establishment of the bishop and his clerical college. It reviews the chronology and defines the changes in the significance of the figures of the archdeacon and the ...

The objective of this research was to evaluate the level of competence mastery in students from three specialties of technological baccalaureate who carried out their professional practice in some companies in Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas during the February semester July 2019. The methodology designed is interdisciplinary, this means that it implies or deals with content from different fields and relates them. It also has a quantitative approach, since an instrument that assesses the competence mastery is used. Among the main results highlights that the level of competence mastery is, on average, autonomous for accounting and logistics technical degrees, while it is basic for clinical laboratory degree. In addition, it was found that the average grades of students who did internships were higher than those who did not.

Se ha recordado en 2011 el centenario de la aviación militar española, al considerarse 1911 como el año que marca su inicio. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido presentar a los primeros profesionales de enfermería militares que desempeñaron su cometido en la atención al personal de la aviación militar española. En el desarrollo del trabajo se ha tratado de conformar un relato historiográfico básico que entrelazara la evolución de la enfermería y la aviación militar en España, documentando los primeros profesionales de enfermería militares en unidades de aviación en 1928. ; 2011 marks the first century of the Spanish military aviation, since 1911 is considered its initial year. The objective of this study is to present the first military nursing professionals that carried out their jobs in the health care of the early Spanish Air Force. The development of this study presents a basic historiographic story, linking the evolutions of health care and the Spanish military aviation, and covering the early professionals of nursing in aviation units back in 1928. ; O ano 2011marca o centenário da aviação militar espanhola, sendo considerado1911 como o ano que marcao seu início. O objetivo deste trabalho foia presentara os primeiros profissionais da enfermagem militar que fizeram da sua profissão a atenção continuada da saude do pessoal da aviação militar espanhola. O desenvolvimento do trabalho tenta fazer uma narraçao historiográfica que entrelaça a evolução da enfermageme da aviação militar em Espanha, e que documenta os primeiros profissionais da enfermagem militar nas unidades da aviação em 1928.

Contamination of surface waters by pesticides continues to be the focus of concern for water authorities due to the growing evidence of their deleterious effects on aquatic life. In this context, the present work investigates the occurrence of 16 selected pesticides belonging to the classes of triazines, phenylureas, organophosphates, chloroacetanilides and thiocarbamates in surface waters from the Llobregat River (NE Spain) and some of its tributaries (Anoia and Rubí) and assesses their potential impact on the aquatic organisms by applying a recently developed index, the Short-term Pesticide Risk Index for the Surface Water System (PRISW-1), which takes into account the pesticides concentrations and their overall toxicity against three aquatic organisms (algae, Daphnia, and fish). Chemical analysis, performed by means of a fully automated method based on isotope dilution on-line solid phase extraction–liquid chromatography– electrospray–tandem mass spectrometry (on-line SPE–LC–ESI–MS/MS), revealed diuron and diazinon as the most ubiquitous and abundant compounds with levels up to 818 and 132 ng L 1, respectively. Total pesticide concentrations, which in only 1 out of 66 samples surpassed 500 ng L 1, were higher in the tributaries than in the river but their contribution in terms of mass-loads to the overall pesticide pollution of the Llobregat River was relatively small. Contamination increased downstream of the river and was clearly influenced by rainfall and hence river flow. Application of the PRISW-1 index indicated that, although pesticides levels fulfilled the European Union Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) for surface waters, the existing pesticide contamination poses a low to high ecotoxicological risk for aquatic organisms, that algae and macro-invertebrates are at higher risk than fish, and that the organophosphates diazinon and malathion and the phenylurea diuron are the major contributors to the overall toxicity and therefore the most problematic compounds. ; Peer Reviewed ; Postprint (published version)

Contamination of surface waters by pesticides continues to be the focus of concern for water authorities due to the growing evidence of their deleterious effects on aquatic life. In this context, the present work investigates the occurrence of 16 selected pesticides belonging to the classes of triazines, phenylureas, organophosphates, chloroacetanilides and thiocarbamates in surface waters from the Llobregat River (NE Spain) and some of its tributaries (Anoia and Rubí) and assesses their potential impact on the aquatic organisms by applying a recently developed index, the Short-term Pesticide Risk Index for the Surface Water System (PRISW-1), which takes into account the pesticides concentrations and their overall toxicity against three aquatic organisms (algae, Daphnia, and fish). Chemical analysis, performed by means of a fully automated method based on isotope dilution on-line solid phase extraction–liquid chromatography– electrospray–tandem mass spectrometry (on-line SPE–LC–ESI–MS/MS), revealed diuron and diazinon as the most ubiquitous and abundant compounds with levels up to 818 and 132 ng L 1, respectively. Total pesticide concentrations, which in only 1 out of 66 samples surpassed 500 ng L 1, were higher in the tributaries than in the river but their contribution in terms of mass-loads to the overall pesticide pollution of the Llobregat River was relatively small. Contamination increased downstream of the river and was clearly influenced by rainfall and hence river flow. Application of the PRISW-1 index indicated that, although pesticides levels fulfilled the European Union Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) for surface waters, the existing pesticide contamination poses a low to high ecotoxicological risk for aquatic organisms, that algae and macro-invertebrates are at higher risk than fish, and that the organophosphates diazinon and malathion and the phenylurea diuron are the major contributors to the overall toxicity and therefore the most problematic compounds. ; Peer Reviewed ; Postprint (published version)

Genetic data indicate that abrogation of Notch-Rbpj or Wnt-β-catenin pathways results in the loss of the intestinal stem cells (ISCs). However, whether the effect of Notch is direct or due to the aberrant differentiation of the transit-amplifying cells into post-mitotic goblet cells is unknown. To address this issue, we have generated composite tamoxifen-inducible intestine-specific genetic mouse models and analyzed the expression of intestinal differentiation markers. Importantly, we found that activation of β-catenin partially rescues the differentiation phenotype of Rbpj deletion mutants, but not the loss of the ISC compartment. Moreover, we identified Bmi1, which is expressed in the ISC and progenitor compartments, as a gene that is co-regulated by Notch and β-catenin. Loss of Bmi1 resulted in reduced proliferation in the ISC compartment accompanied by p16(INK4a) and p19(ARF) (splice variants of Cdkn2a) accumulation, and increased differentiation to the post-mitotic goblet cell lineage that partially mimics Notch loss-of-function defects. Finally, we provide evidence that Bmi1 contributes to ISC self-renewal. ; This work has been supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III [PI10/01128], Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación [ACI2009-0918], Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca-Convocatòria Estratègica-2010-0006 and Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Cáncer [RD06/0020/0098, RD12/0036/0054]. The Mar Institute of Medical Research (IMIM) Foundation financed V.R., and she is a recipient of a European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) short-term fellowship [ASTF 20-2010]. E.L.-A. is funded by 'Fundación la Caixa' (2010) and the Department of Education, Universities and Research of the Basque Government [BFI-2011]. L.L.E. is an investigator of the Spanish National Health System (SNS) [CES08/006]

[Aims]: Climate and human impacts are changing the nitrogen (N) inputs and losses in terrestrial ecosystems. However, it is largely unknown how these two major drivers of global change will simultaneously influence the N cycle in drylands, the largest terrestrial biome on the planet. We conducted a global observational study to evaluate how aridity and human impacts, together with biotic and abiotic factors, affect key soil variables of the N cycle. ; [Location]: Two hundred and twenty-four dryland sites from all continents except Antarctica widely differing in their environmental conditions and human influence. ; [Methods]: Using a standardized field survey, we measured aridity, human impacts (i.e. proxies of land uses and air pollution), key biophysical variables (i.e. soil pH and texture and total plant cover) and six important variables related to N cycling in soils: total N, organic N, ammonium, nitrate, dissolved organic:inorganic N and N mineralization rates. We used structural equation modelling to assess the direct and indirect effects of aridity, human impacts and key biophysical variables on the N cycle. ; [Results]: Human impacts increased the concentration of total N, while aridity reduced it. The effects of aridity and human impacts on the N cycle were spatially disconnected, which may favour scarcity of N in the most arid areas and promote its accumulation in the least arid areas. ; [Main conclusions]: We found that increasing aridity and anthropogenic pressure are spatially disconnected in drylands. This implies that while places with low aridity and high human impact accumulate N, most arid sites with the lowest human impacts lose N. Our analyses also provide evidence that both increasing aridity and human impacts may enhance the relative dominance of inorganic N in dryland soils, having a negative impact on key functions and services provided by these ecosystems. ; This research is supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007‐2013)/ERC grant agreement no. 242658 (BIOCOM), and by the Ministry of Science and Innovation of the Spanish Government, grant no. CGL2010‐21381. CYTED funded networking activities (EPES, Acción 407AC0323). S.G. was funded by CONICYT/FONDAP/15110009. ; Peer Reviewed