Suchergebnisse

Is a State Pact for Education in Spain possible? Since 1978 there has been a succession of seven educational laws of an organic nature, enacted and repealed according to the political sign of the party that entered the Government. At present, the new politics has put an end to the current bipartisan model, forcing the parties to establish negotiations in order to achieve power. In order to carry out this research, four units of comparison have been developed that serve to analyze the electoral programs of the parties with the greatest representation in Congress after the last general elections held in November 2019. The objective is to find points in common that could favor consensus or, on the contrary, others that show evidence of the lack of agreements. The selected comparative units are related to proposals that have raised parliamentary or social debate and that, therefore, may hinder the negotiation processes: financing of the educational system, educational inequality, educational freedom and vehicular language of instruction. The article begins by addressing from a historical perspective two key aspects, the left-right ideological confrontation, so marked in Spanish democracy, and the failed attempts of pact carried out in Spain, which allow us to understand the factors that have led to the still non-existence of a state pact. The study continues with a detailed analysis of the political measures on education proposed by the selected parties from the perspective of the comparison units designed. The political polarization within the left-right spectrum, the social pressures and the historical weight of different organizations make us foresee the few possibilities that currently exist in Spain when it comes to reaching a state pact for and in favor of education. ; ¿Es posible un Pacto de Estado por la Educación en España? Desde 1978 se han sucedido siete leyes educativas con carácter orgánico en función del signo político del partido que entrara en el Gobierno. En la actualidad, la nueva política ha ...

Durante los últimos años, el sistema educativo español viene asistiendo a una profunda transformación, fruto, entre otras cosas, de la alternancia política instaurada en nuestro país, que ha traído consigo la promulgación de numerosas reformas educativas, en un periodo de tiempo muy breve. La última de ellas pretende llevar a cabo una serie de cambios que afectan a diferentes ámbitos de nuestro sistema, entre ellos, el acceso universitario. En muchas ocasiones, este se ve condicionado por diferentes factores que giran en torno al alumno, y que van más allá de lo estrictamente académico, como son: el origen socioeconómico familiar, el nivel educativo de los progenitores, el centro de enseñanza, etc. El largo y sinuoso camino que los alumnos deben recorrer hasta que comienzan su periplo universitario está determinado por una gran cantidad de elementos sobre los que se pueden esconder serias desigualdades sociales. Valiéndonos del enfoque sociohistórico, pretendemos analizar la nueva propuesta educativa en materia de acceso, a partir de la cual, se dotará de una mayor autonomía a las instituciones universitarias, a fin de que sean ellas mismas las encargadas de seleccionar a sus alumnos, a través de pruebas específicas de acceso, tal y como ya hacen las principales potencias educativas del panorama internacional. De este modo, se producirá un cambio de paradigma en el acceso universitario, en donde las instituciones de educación superior podrán seleccionar a sus alumnos atendiendo a sus credenciales, obviando cualquier otro elemento que se aleje de lo académico y que pueda traer consigo desigualdades en este proceso de transición. ; During the last few years, the Spanish educational system has assisted a profound transformation, produce, among other things, of the political alternation established in our country, which has brought with him the enactment of numerous educational reforms, in a very short period of time. The last pretend to carry out a series of changes that affect different areas of our system, including university access. Many times, this is conditioned by different factors that revolve around the student, and that go beyond the strictly academic, such as: the family socioeconomic origin, the educational level of the parents, the teaching center, etc. The long and sinuous road that students must go over until they begin their university journey is determined by a lot of elements on which serious social inequalities can be hidden. Using the sociohistorical approach, we intend to analyze the new educational proposal in terms of access, from which, university institutions will be given greater autonomy, so that they themselves are in charge of selecting their students, through of specific access tests, as the main educational powers of the international panorama already do. In this way, there will be a paradigm shift in university access, where higher education institutions will be able to select their students according to their credential, obviating any other element that moves away from academics and that may bring about inequalities in this transition process.

En las últimas décadas, estamos comprobando cómo se está produciendo un constante flujo de iniciativas pedagógicas que pretenden poner solución a la exclusión social y económica de los más jóvenes. Sin duda, es la iniciativa europea Second Chance Schools (E2C), que cumple en estas fechas 20 años de aplicación, la que de manera más firme, organizada e institucionalizada, se ha configurado como imprescindible para alcanzar la igualdad de oportunidades desde la Escuela. Valiéndonos del método de revisión bibliográfica, en combinación con el enfoque sociocrítico, pretendemos conocer cuáles son los orígenes de esta propuesta, que anticipamos a mediados de los años 90, cuál es su evolución político-educativa así como, finalmente, el reflejo que esta presenta, en la actualidad, en los distintos países de Europa. Conseguiremos, de este modo, descubrir, por un lado, si la E2C puede y debe ser considerada como una acción de carácter supranacional y, por otro, si esta es un garante de equidad educativa capaz de alcanzar éxito a partir del fracaso. Para ello, remitimos una discusión en la que ponemos sobre el papel aquellos pros y contras, ventajas y desventajas, de esta apuesta socioeducativa tan alabada como criticada, concluyendo, finalmente, con un planteamiento novedoso respecto a las potencialidades y posibilidades que, aún poco reconocidas u ocultas, creemos que tienen estas escuelas de la oportunidad. ; Over the last decades, we have confirmed how a constant flow of pedagogical initiatives have tried to solve the social and economic exclusion of the youngest. Definitely, the European initiative "Second Chance Schools" (E2C), which is celebrating its 20 years of application, has become essential to achieve equal opportunities from the School, thanks to its firmness, organization and institutionalization. Our proposal includes a bibliographic review in combination with a socio-critical approach. We intend to know what its origins are -which we anticipated in the mid-90s-, what its political- educational evolution is as well as the reflection it currently presents in the different countries of Europe. In this way, on the one hand, we will discover whether the E2C can and should be considered as a «supranational action» and, on the other hand, whether it is an educational equity guarantor essential to achieve success after failure. To this end, we are expounding a discussion in which we put on paper the pros and cons, advantages and disadvantages, of this socio- educational bet, as praised as criticized, concluding, finally, with a novel approach regarding the potentialities and possibilities that, still little recognized or hidden, we believe that these «opportunity schools´» have.