Suchergebnisse

En este artículo exploramos las potencialidades de la categoría historiográfica "presente-pasado" en historia de la arqueología. Dicha categoría debe ser considerada como un instrumento que permita a los historiadores comprender (A) la importancia del presente en la definición del pasado y (B) el impacto que la arqueología ejerce sobre nuestras modernas sociedades occidentales. Tomando como ejemplo la cueva de Altamira, analizaremos en primer lugar la importancia que nuestras modernas categorías ejercieron sobre la definición del arte paleolítico a finales del siglo XIX. En segundo lugar, mostraremos la influencia (económica, cultural, política) que el arte paleolítico ejerce sobre nuestras modernas sociedades contemporáneas. De este modo, esperamos demostrar las potencialidades de la categoría "presente-pasado" en historia de la ciencia. ; In this paper we will investigate the potential for the application of the concept of "present-past" in the study of the history of archaeology. We suggest that this category provides archaeologists with a useful model in order to understand (A) the role of our present concepts and ideas in the definition of the past and (B) the impact of archaeological finds on modern Western societies. Taking the example of the cave of Altamira into account, we will analyse first the importance of assumptions deeply embedded in Western culture in the definition of Palaeolithic art at the end of nineteenth century. Secondly, we will show the influence (economic, cultural, political) that Palaeolithic art exerts on our modern societies. Through this examination, we will show the way in which the concept of "present-past" can be used in history of science.

Presentamos documentación y análisis detallados de un nódulo de ocre con una retícula grabada, un fragmento de ocre con incisiones profundas y un abrasionador de cuarcita con restos de ocre procedentes de los niveles del Magdaleniense inferior e inicial de la Cueva del Mirón. Estos objetos se añaden al inventario de hallazgos notables de los depósitos de este periodo en el yacimiento, y muestran la importancia de las actividades ligadas al procesamiento del ocre y la posible transformación simbólica de un instrumento técnico mediante decoración. El ocre en las formas de polvo y en trozos es abundante en los niveles magdalenienses y fue utilizado para teñir los huesos de "la Dama Roja" y la cara contigua al enterramiento del gran bloque que parece "marcar" la tumba en el Magdaleniense inferior.

Abstract: Methodological advances in dating the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition provide a better understanding of the replacement of local Neanderthal populations by Anatomically Modern Humans. Today we know that this replacement was not a single, pan-European event, but rather it took place at different times in different regions. Thus, local conditions could have played a role. Iberia represents a significant macro-region to study this process. Northern Atlantic Spain contains evidence of both Mousterian and Early Upper Paleolithic occupations, although most of them are not properly dated, thus hindering the chances of an adequate interpretation. Here we present 46 new radiocarbon dates conducted using ultrafiltration pre-treatment method of anthropogenically manipulated bones from 13 sites in the Cantabrian region containing Mousterian, Aurignacian and Gravettian levels, of which 30 are considered relevant. These dates, alongside previously reported ones, were integrated into a Bayesian age model to reconstruct an absolute timescale for the transitional period. According to it, the Mousterian disappeared in the region by 47.9?45.1ka cal BP, while the Châtelperronian lasted between 42.6k and 41.5ka cal BP. The Mousterian and Châtelperronian did not overlap, indicating that the latter might be either intrusive or an offshoot of the Mousterian. The new chronology also suggests that the Aurignacian appears between 43.3?40.5ka cal BP overlapping with the Châtelperronian, and ended around 34.6?33.1ka cal BP, after the Gravettian had already been established in the region. This evidence indicates that Neanderthals and AMH co-existed <1,000 years, with the caveat that no diagnostic human remains have been found with the latest Mousterian, Châtelperronian or earliest Aurignacian in Cantabrian Spain. ; This research has been supported by the European Commission through FP7-PEOPLE-2012-CIG (Ref: 322112), the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (HAR2012-33956 and RYC-2011-00695), Cantabria Campus International and University of Cantabria to ABMA. The Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones Prehistóricas de Cantabria is sponsored by the University of Cantabria, the Government of Cantabria and Banco Santander.

The cooling and drying associated with the so-called '8.2 ka event' have long been hypothesized as having sweeping implications for human societies in the Early Holocene, including some of the last Mesolithic hunter-gatherers in Atlantic Europe. Nevertheless, detailed 'on-site' records with which the impacts of broader climate changes on human-relevant environments can be explored have been lacking. Here, we reconstruct sea surface temperatures (SST) from ?18O values measured on subfossil topshells Phorcus lineatus exploited by the Mesolithic human groups that lived at El Mazo cave (N Spain) between 9 and 7.4 ka. Bayesian modelling of 65 radiocarbon dates, in combination with this ?18O data, provide a high-resolution seasonal record of SST, revealing that colder SST during the 8.2 ka event led to changes in the availability of different shellfish species. Intensification in the exploitation of molluscs by humans indicates demographic growth in these Atlantic coastal settings which acted as refugia during this cold event. ; This research was performed as part of the projects HAR2016-75605-R and HAR2017-86262-P, funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, MINECO. During the development of this research AGE was funded by the University of Cantabria through a predoctoral grant (no code available), by the Basque Country Postdoctoral Programme (Grant number POS_2020_2_0032), by the University of La Rioja through a posdoctoral grant (no code available) and he is currently supported by the Catalonia Postdoctoral Programme through a Beatriu de Pinos fellowship (grant number 2020 BP 00240). ABMA was funded by the SUBSILIENCE ERC-CoG project (Grant agreement No. 818299). This study has also been supported by the Prehistoric Research Consolidated Group of the Basque Country University (IT1223-19), funded by the Basque Country Government. We thank the Max Planck Institute for Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), University of Cantabria (UC), Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones Prehistoricas de ...