AbstractThe purpose of this work is to identify contextual variables that help to explain the occupational aspirations of Spanish 15-year-old students. This is done by performing a secondary analysis of the PISA2018 test. Data have been analysed using decision trees introducing the students' expected occupational status as a dependent variable (DV), and the other items and indicators considered as predictors. The results show that the variables that contributed most to explaining DV were grade repetition, mastery goal orientation, enjoying reading and self-concept of reading. The findings of this exploratory work can be used as a basis for further studies aimed at establishing causal relationships between these variables and students' occupational aspirations.
La situación generada por el COVID-19 ha puesto de manifiesto que, en educación infantil, el modelo asistencial se ha quedado atrás frente al educativo. Con esta investigación se ha analizado, en la situación excepcional de confinamiento, tanto la manera de afrontar esta situación de cierre de las aulas desde los centros educativos como las respuestas proporcionadas por las familias, teniendo en cuenta la titularidad de los centros, el ciclo impartido (primer ciclo, segundo ciclo o ambos), el año de nacimiento de los menores o el número de hijos en los hogares. Para ello, se han elaborado ad hoc dos cuestionarios contestados durante los meses de abril y mayo por 1235 docentes de esta etapa de todas las Comunidades y Ciudades Autónomas de España y por 1266 familias de menores que cursan educación infantil. Los datos recogidos se han analizado mediante un examen exploratorio de las respuestas y el cálculo de los principales porcentajes asociados a las variables consideradas para, posteriormente, realizar un análisis inferencial de la información disponible, empleando la prueba H de Kruskal-Wallis para analizar los datos procedentes de las escalas Likert y la prueba Chi-cuadrado para el estudio de las variables categóricas. Los resultados muestran que existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el envío de tareas en función del ciclo y de la titularidad del centro, siendo los centros privados los que menos actividades han enviado. Asimismo, casi la mitad de las familias encuestadas señala que necesitan recibir más indicaciones, siendo aquellas cuyos hijos asisten a escuelas públicas las que más lo demandan. Es por esto por lo que se puede concluir que las máximas establecidas en la legislación vigente no se han cumplido en todos los casos. ; The situation generated by COVID-19 has shown that, in early childhood education, the care model has lagged behind the educational one. This investigation has analyzed, in the exceptional situation of confinement, the way of dealing with this situation of closing the classrooms from the educational centers and the responses provided by the families, considering the ownership of the centers, the cycle (first cycle, second cycle or both), the year of birth of the minors, or the number of children in the households. Two questionnaires have been developed ad hoc for it and have been answered during the months of April and May by 1235 teachers of this stage, from all the Autonomous Cities and Communities of Spain, and by 1266 parents whose children at infant or preschool level. The collected data has been analyzed by an exploratory examination of the answers and the calculation of the main percentages associated with the variables considered, to subsequently carry out an inferential analysis of the available information, using the Kruskal-Wallis H test to analyze the data from the Likert scales and the Chi-square test for the study of categorical variables. The results show that there are statistically significant differences in the sending of tasks depending on the cycle and the ownership of the center, with the private centers being the ones that have sent the fewest activities. Likewise, almost half of the families surveyed indicate that they need to receive more indications, being those whose children go to public schools the ones that demand it the most. For this reason, it can be concluded that the maxims established in the current legislation have not been met in all cases.
