Suchergebnisse

El abandono escolar temprano preocupa en el ámbito internacional. En concreto, la Unión Europea plantea como objetivo para 2020 que la tasa de abandono escolar temprano no supere el 10% (European-Commission, EACEA, Eurydice, & Cedefop, 2014). España es uno de los países europeos que presenta tasas más elevadas de alumnado que abandona los estudios de forma prematura situándose ésta en el 21,9% (EUROSTAT, 2016; MECyD, 2015). Además, las tasas de alumnado repetidor en España también se sitúan entre las más elevadas de la Unión Europea, siendo mayores en el primer curso de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (MECyD, 2015). Entre la diversidad de factores que influyen en el abandono escolar temprano se encuentran los de ámbito social, los personales y los educativos. El objetivo de este estudio es profundizar en los factores sociales. Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos de revisión en las bases de datos internacionales. Para el análisis de datos se utilizó el programa "Nvivo. Los factores sociales que influyen en el abandono escolar temprano se agrupan en los familiares y las relaciones sociales con los iguales. Destaca la influencia de la familia, con aspectos como el estatus socioeconómico, la educación de los padres, la estructura y el ambiente familiar. Otros factores como el rechazo social del grupo de compañeros, las escasas habilidades sociales unido al absentismo escolar originado por el grupo también influyen en el abandono escolar. Por tanto, el modelo explicativo responde a un modelo complejo de causas que interactúan y que deben ser diagnosticadas en su totalidad y abordadas coordinadamente desde diversos ámbitos. ; Early leaving from education and training is a great concern worldwide. At the level of the European Union, countries have committed to reducing the proportion of early leavers to less than 10% by 2020 (European-Commission, EACEA, Eurydice, & Cedefop, 2014). Spain is far from this target, with a proportion of 21,9% Spanish early school leaving rate is one of the highest within European Union countries (EUROSTAT, 2016; MECyD, 2015). Additionally, Spanish repeating students rate is among the highest of European Union countries with the greatest increment in the first grade of the secondary school (MECyD, 2015). Literature shows that social factors, together with personal and educational factors, influence on early school leaving. The objetive of this study is to describe the social factors. An advanced search of review articles has been undertaken in various international databases. For the data analysis has been used the program Nvivo. Social factors that influence on early school leaving can be grouped in familiar factors and in the social relationships with peers. The influence of the family is of great importance, with key elements such as the socio-economic status, parent education, family structure or the family environment. Other elements such as social rejection of peers, poor social skills linked to truancy originated by the peer group influence early school leaving. Hence, an explanatory model responds to a complex model of factors that interact and, consequently, need to be precisely diagnosed in order to be undertaken from different but coordinated contexts. ; Durante la realización de este estudio D. González-Rodríguez, ha recibido financiación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte para la Formación de Profesorado Universitario, para el cuatrienio 2014-2019. Código solicitud: FPU14/02092.

The formation of well-defined, discrete self-assembled architectures relies on the interplay between non-covalent interactions and cooperative phenomena. In particular, chelate or intramolecular cooperativity is responsible for the assembly of closed, cyclic structures in competition with open, linear oligomers, and it can be enhanced in several ways to increase the stability of a given cycle size. In this article, we review the work of several researchers on the synthesis of hydrogen-bonded macrocycles from ditopic molecules and analyze the main factors, often interrelated, that influence the equilibrium between ring and chain species. Emphasis will be set on the diverse features that can increase cyclization fidelity, including monomer geometry, template effects, conformational effects, intramolecular interactions and H-bonding pattern ; Funding from MINECO (CTQ2017-84727-P) is gratefully acknowledged. F. A. acknowledges the European Union for financial support through a H2020-MSCA-COFUND-FP InterTalentum Fellowship

The self-assembly of axial dipolar subphthalocyanine molecules in the presence of electric fields leads to uniaxially oriented columnar liquid crystalline materials that exhibit permanent polarization ; Funding from MINECO (MAT2012-38538-CO3-01, 02 and CTQ2012- 31914), MICINN and MEC (F.P.U. fellowship (JG), CTQ-2011- 24187/BQU, CTQ2011-23659 and Consolider-Ingenio Nanociencia Molecular, CDS2007-00010), Comunidad de Madrid (MADRISOLAR-2, S2009/PPQ/1533), European Research Council (StG-279548), Aragon government, E04, Basque Country Government GI/IT-449-10, Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEO/ 2012/053), and FEDER is acknowledged