Suchergebnisse

Background The first live birth following the use of a new reproductive technique, maternal spindle transfer (MST), which is a mitochondrial replacement technique (MRT), was accomplished by dividing the execution of the MST procedure between two countries, the USA and Mexico. This was done in order to avoid US legal restrictions on this technique. Sources of data Academic articles, news articles, documents obtained through freedom of information requests, laws, regulations and national reports. Areas of agreement MRTs are new reproductive techniques that present novel ethical and legal challenges, since genetic material from three people is employed to create a child. Areas of controversy Could the first MST procedure that culminated in a live birth negatively impact reproductive medicine in Mexico? Growing points The USA and Mexico need specific and clear legislation on MRTs, in order for such techniques not to be governed by prior existing legislation on assisted reproduction that is inadequate for dealing with the new challenges that these techniques present. Areas timely for developing research There is a pressing need for work to be done on the international governance of new reproductive techniques.

The Grenfell Tower fire resulted in the loss of 72 people. A series of events led to the tragedy that our construction industry must scrutinise beyond the public inquiry, which is still underway. The tower had recently undergone a £8.700.000 'revamp' with the addition of a new cladding system, which seems to have allowed the fire to spread with catastrophic consequences. Disaster Risk Management framework was, and still is nonexistent in respect to Grenfell Tower and possible many other tall Tennant's buildings. The de-centralisation and privatisation of key aspects of control and supervision of safety in buildings has been implemented by the neo-liberal policy of both Labour and Conservative governments in the past 30/40 years. Therefore this tragic event must be viewed as "the before and after" of a chapter in the serious study of the public interest/ versus profitable enterprise. A series of questions have been raised regarding the choice of materials, the detailing, the certification, the policies and regulations within the industry. The complex nature of the construction process and the crossover between the disciplines makes it difficult to allocate direct professional liability. This essay attempt to start the process of finding answers to the challenging aspects of Ethics in Construction. We start by exploring and counteract aspects of the established "minimum requirement" strategy of many Developers and designers, the Risk aspects encountered in the process of design , construction and use of the buildings and infrastructure; plus the possibilities of using modern digital technology to aid the design, construction and occupation process from a Risk management framework perspective. What lessons can be learnt in terms of professional development and ethics for such an tragic event to be avoided in the future?

The Grenfell Tower fire resulted in the loss of 72 people. A series of events led to the tragedy that our construction industry must scrutinise beyond the public inquiry which is still underway. The tower had recently undergone a 'revamp' with the addition of a new cladding system which seems to have allowed the fire to spread with catastrophic consequences. A series of questions have been raised regarding the choice of materials, the detailing, the certification, the policies and regulations within the industry. The complex nature of the construction process and the crossover between the disciplines makes it difficult to allocate direct professional liability but what lessons can be learnt in terms of professional development and ethics for such an event to be avoided in the future? The de-centralisation and privatisation of key aspects of control and supervision of safety in buildings has been imminent in the neo-liberal policy of both Labour and Conservative governments in the past 30 years. In addition, the general "self-regulatory" approach that the Construction industry has taken must be questioned. This tragedy must be viewed as threshold of "the before and after" of a chapter and the serious study of the public interest versus profitable enterprise.

This work analyses the concept and characteristics of extremist political ideologies through the study of previous works on European and American far-right extremism. This analysis explores how in some societies, like the Spanish one, certain types of extremist political ideologies are tolerated. The author proposes an additional characteristic to the ones analyzed, which helps to classify and understand these ideologies and their sympathizers. This proposed characteristic is based on the use of force to impose an ideology. The case of the Spanish extremist group Bastion Front, of fascist and Francoist ideology, is analyzed through the mentioned characteristics. The discourse given by Isabel Peralta in 2021 in memory of the Blue Division in Madrid is included to demonstrate the tolerance of extremist and fascist public speeches. A review of the main characteristics and values of Spanish national-Catholicism extremist political ideology is presented, as well as those of the historical fascist party Falange, still active today. This work exposes the rhetorical use of Russia by Western fascists as a supposed leader of an illiberal system opposing the American and English order. The author concludes that extremist political ideologies like fascism are tolerated in Spanish society and the Spanish legal system today.

The Water Framework Directive (WFD, 2000/60/EC) is one of the most important pieces of environmental legislation produced in recent years and is likely to transform the way water quality monitoring is undertaken across all European Union's member states. The objectives of the WFD are to improve, protect and prevent further deterioration of quality for most types of water body across Europe. The Directive aims to achieve and ensure "good quality" status of all water bodies throughout Europe by 2015, and this is to be achieved by implementing management plans at the river basin level. Monitoring is required to cover a number of 'water quality elements' including biological, chemical (inorganic and organic priority pollutants), hydro-morphological, and physicochemical parameters. Three modes of monitoring regime are specified in the Directive and will form part of the management plans that must be introduced by December 2006. These include: (i) surveillance monitoring aimed at assessing long-term water quality changes and providing baseline data on river basins allowing the design and implementation of other types of monitoring, (ii) operational monitoring aimed at providing additional and essential data on water bodies at risk or failing environmental objectives of the WFD, (iii) investigative monitoring aimed at assessing causes of such failure when they are unknown.