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AbstractThis paper introduces an extended iterative weighted least squares procedure, denoted by EIWLS, for solution of a classical problem in analysis of scientific and technical information: estimation in the presence of complications, of the coefficients for linearly independent component signals in a linear model, from observations on the component signals and a composite signal containing the linear model plus noise which is nonstationary and/or correlated with unknown covariance matrix. An iterative weighted least squares procedure, denoted by IWLS, is developed for estimation in the absence of complications. Then IWLS is extended to perform the estimation subject to: (1) estimators being consistent with a priori information describing the random variation of coefficients over all possible states of nature (e. g., all systems of a specified type from a production process); (2) utilization of data from all pertinent channels in the estimation of coefficients which appear in the linear models for more than one data channel; and (3) replacment of the linear model by a new linear model containing only representative component signals which are highly‐descriptive, but not highly‐related, when there is a large number of component signals in the linear model and some of them are highly‐related. FORTRAN computer programs have been written to implement IWLS and EIWLS on the IBM 7094 for the case of nonstationary and uncorrelated noise.

AbstractCurrent scientific, technical, and management progress is characterized by the generation of a tremendous amount of data for analysis. This, in turn, poses a significant challenge: to effectively and efficiently extract meaningful information from the large volume of data. Two relatively young professions, computer science and statistics, are intimately linked in any response to the challenge. They have consequently become indispensable to scientific, technical, and management progress, occupying a position at its very heartComputer science and statistics have each been separately documented by many books as well as numerous papers. However, the interface of computer science and statistics, the area of their interaction, has been documented only in part. This paper begins characterization of the entire interface by providing a structure and an historical background for itA structure for the interface is introduced initially, followed by an historical background for the interface presented in two parts. First to be summarized is the evolution of the interface from an interweaving of the mechanical prerequisites to the computer and mathematical prerequisities to computer science and of the foundations for probability and statistics. Development of statistics prior to 1900 then is reviewed.

Introduction -- Foundations of the legal system -- Constitutional ideology -- The legal profession -- The Judiciary -- Treaties -- Freedom of expression -- Equality and issues of discrimination -- Family law and issues of modern science that affect the family -- Renunciation of war : military power and responsibility -- Separation of church and state -- Contracts -- Corporate matters -- Civil litigation -- Conflict of laws -- Criminal law -- Administrative law -- Unifying factors

"A definitive guide to growing your small business through "Engagement Marketing"As a small business owner, you've always relied on word-of-mouth referrals to grow your business. Thanks to social media--and its nimble partner, mobile technology--it's now easier than ever to turn customers and clients into engaged fans who spread the word about your business across a variety of online platforms. And that's what Engagement Marketing is all about. Written for anyone who owns or manages a small business or non-profit, this book is filled with practical, hands-on advice based on the author's experience of working with thousands of small businesses for over a decade.You'll learn how to attract new prospects--as well as how to increase repeat sales--using your existing customers and social networks. Learn how to create customer experiences that increase positive customer reviews and endorsements Get practical advice on how to entice people to join your social networks and run engagement campaigns that increase visibility--and endorsements--for your business Understand why engagement is so important--and how you can use it to turn passionate fans in your social networks into tomorrow's new business Author Gail Goodman is CEO of Constant Contact, America's leading email and social media marketing company for small businesses Engagement Marketing will help you make a bigger name for your company, build your network, and reach your goals"--Provided by publisher

"A definitive guide to growing your small business through "Engagement Marketing"As a small business owner, you've always relied on word-of-mouth referrals to grow your business. Thanks to social media--and its nimble partner, mobile technology--it's now easier than ever to turn customers and clients into engaged fans who spread the word about your business across a variety of online platforms. And that's what Engagement Marketing is all about. Written for anyone who owns or manages a small business or non-profit, this book is filled with practical, hands-on advice based on the author's experience of working with thousands of small businesses for over a decade. You'll learn how to attract new prospects--as well as how to increase repeat sales--using your existing customers and social networks. Learn how to create customer experiences that increase positive customer reviews and endorsements Get practical advice on how to entice people to join your social networks and run engagement campaigns that increase visibility--and endorsements--for your business Understand why engagement is so important--and how you can use it to turn passionate fans in your social networks into tomorrow's new business Author Gail Goodman is CEO of Constant Contact, America's leading email and social media marketing company for small businesses Engagement Marketing will help you make a bigger name for your company, build your network, and reach your goals"--

The post World War II American Occupation of Japan was a huge programmatic success. Its disarmament, repatriation, land reform, and health programs put a defeated Japan on the road to recuperation, while providing a military shield that enabled Japan to focus on recovery from the War and rebuilding the country and economy. Perhaps its most enduring legacy was its Enlightenment-based, American-drafted, rights-oriented Constitution of 1947 [hereinafter "the Constitution"]. Drafted in English, the Constitution was promulgated in Japanese, resulting in some substantive changes. Among the most important of these were changing the English word "people" into the Japanese "kokumin" (Japanese citizens) and transmuting many definitive rights into more passive language.

The recent amendments to Japan's Inquest of Prosecution Law (popularly called the Prosecution Review Commission ("PRC") Law) give the eleven lay member PRC (and their court appointed lawyers) unreviewable authority to compel the prosecutions and appeals of defendants who the professional prosecutor service has determined do not require indictment and prosecution. Viewed as "democratic" because it brings lay participation to the criminal justice system, the PRC process differs sharply from the American Federal Grand Jury because it places ordinary citizens at risk of potential retribution and the political system at risk of possible "gaming" of the process for political advantage, much as was the case with the Special Prosecutor's Law in the United States. To date, PRCs have compelled prosecution of five defendants (of whom two have been found not guilty), one indictment has been dismissed, one defendant is being tried for professional negligence after the professionals on whose advice he relied were found not guilty (in a prosecution by professional prosecutors), and one is on trial despite a serious statute of limitations question. The indictment of a powerful political figure (found not guilty but the court appointed prosecutors have appealed) had serious political repercussions in Japan and caused political turmoil in the first non-Liberal Democratic Party majority elected party and government in the Post War era. This article reviews the PRC experience in comparison to the U.S. experience with the Special Prosecutor Law and the prosecutions mandated by the PRC to date. Five changes to the PRC process are suggested that, while allowing citizen participation in the indictment and prosecution process, would preserve the rights of those accused and protect the national interest.