State Social Policy at a Crossroads: from Paternalist Failure to Social Downfall in the Economy
This article is concerned with the problems of state social policy, pointing to the essence and challenges of modern social policy, to its role in economic relations, and to the periodic nature of the formation of its various types. The question of socio-economic inequality is analysed in the broad sense, from the point of view not only of the differentiation of incomes and wealth, but also of access to the social benefits that create and multiply human capital, of the place of the individual in the structure of society, and of connections with the crisis of the middle class. The article formulates a conception of the social failure of the state as the result of theoretical blunders, of errors by the state authorities in setting targets and determining how they are to be met, and of deformations in the field of politics and governance and in the social structure. The social failure is analysed in the context of reforms to the socioeconomic infrastructure (of education and science), and possible alternative solutions are indicated.