Suchergebnisse

"New and experienced psychotherapists alike can find themselves overwhelmed by an ethical quandary where there doesn't seem to be an easy solution. This book presents positive ethics as a means to overcome such ethical challenges. The positive approach focuses on not just avoiding negative consequences, but reaching the best possible outcomes for both the psychotherapist and the client. The authors outline a clear decision-making process that is based on three practical strategies: the ethics acculturation model to help therapists incorporate personal ethics into their professional roles; the quality enhancement model for dealing with high-risk patients who are potentially harmful, and; ethical choice-making strategies to make the most ethical decision in a situation where two ethical principles conflict. Throughout the decision-making process, psychotherapists are encouraged to follow four basic guidelines: Focus on overarching ethical principles; Consider intuitive, emotional, and other nonrational factors; Accept that some problems have elusive solutions, and; Solicit input from colleagues and consultation groups. Numerous vignettes illustrate how to apply positive ethics to many different ethical challenges that psychotherapists will likely encounter in practice"--Publicity materials. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved).

"Discussions of ethics in psychology often focus primarily on misconduct, punishment, and legal sanctions, and too often ignore aspirations, values, principles, and virtues. The net effect of this unbalanced approach creates an atmosphere in which psychologists have viewed ethics as unpleasant and frightening, instead of inspiring and uplifting. Psychologists naturally must be concerned about laws, codes, and regulations, but these documents do not constitute the beginning and end of the conversation on ethics. The editors of this 2-volume reference propose that ethics is best viewed as a striving toward the highest ethical ideals, not just as an injunction against rule violation--a perspective they refer to as "positive ethics" or "active ethics"--and they encourage psychologists to elevate their ethical observance above the minimal standards found in law and enforceable ethics codes. Against this backdrop, handbook contributors investigate the complexities of ethical behavior in clinical, educational, forensic, health, and "tele-" psychology. Several chapters zero in on the teaching of ethics and on ethically minded research relevant to professionals working in experimental psychology. By comparison with many ethics textbooks, this two-volume handbook covers a wider range of subjects and pursues them in greater detail. For instance, it reflects important recent advances in research and technology that present new opportunities and challenges for practice and scholarship. Also, it takes a serious look into some burgeoning new areas such as life coaching and providing services over the Internet. These are just two examples of developments that present fascinating, novel ethical questions that deserve attention. Significant perspectives presented in the handbook include: (a) Ethics is more than the knowledge of the laws, rules, and regulations that govern the profession and discipline of psychology. (b) Competent psychologists rely on overarching ethical theories, as well as laws and regulations, when they live up to their highest ethical ideals. (c) Attention to ethical issues is especially important as psychologists move into new and increasingly complex areas of practice"--Publicity materials. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved).

"The general structure of this handbook parallels other handbooks in the new APA Handbooks in Psychology series. It is intended for practitioners, researchers, academic psychologists, and graduate students who seek a comprehensive review of a particular area of psychology. In comparison with many ethics textbooks, it covers a wider range of subjects and pursues them in greater detail. This handbook also reflects recent advances in research and technology that present new opportunities and challenges for practice and scholarship. Psychology is expanding into new areas, such as life coaching and providing services over the Internet. These are just two examples of developments that present novel ethical questions that deserve our attention, and we have attempted to give them and other developing challenges the attention they deserve. Several perspectives guided the development of this handbook. First, the issue of moral foundations is especially important to us: Psychologists can best appreciate ethical issues and behaviors when they understand them within the context of overarching ethical theory. Consequently, the chapters go beyond reciting a list of prohibitions and warnings to help readers consider practices in light of foundational moral perspectives. Second, we wanted authors to consider research relevant to their subject. Naturally, the chapters vary in the extent to which they incorporate extensive research. For example, some chapters had fewer data to draw upon, whereas others (such as the ones on emotional competence and sexualized treatment relationships) were able to rely heavily on empirical research. Third, our profession has become more sensitive in recent years to issues of fairness and inclusiveness, especially in dealing with groups that historically have been marginalized in American history as well as American psychology. We asked authors to address diversity issues wherever it was appropriate. Consequently, discussions of diversity appear not only in the specific chapter on competence with diverse populations but also in other chapters as varied as research, emotional competence, and supervision. Finally, we wanted authors to offer their views on controversial issues, but we asked them to discuss them in a fair and even-handed manner, rest their conclusions on overarching principles, and acknowledge other reasonable perspectives. At times, authors reached conclusions with which we disagreed; we expect that some readers will as well. Our goal is not to claim a resolution of the issues, but rather to introduce readers to them and to stimulate productive discussions and exchanges of ideas"--Introduction. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).

In this study, the risks of being a family law attorney were explored. An Internet survey was conducted to examine their experiences with a variety of problematic behaviors originating from their own clients as well as from opposing parties. The findings indicated that 28% and 67% of participants reported threats of assault by their clients and opposing parties, respectively. However, a much lower number of participants (11% and 10%) reported actually being assaulted by clients and opposing parties. In addition, 9% to 23% of participants reported problems with stalking, property damage, theft, and/or negative Internet postings. On the other hand, 50% of participants reported experiencing threats of lawsuits, bar complaints, or dismissal by clients. Ways to more effectively deal with difficult clients, reduce risks, and increase safety are discussed.
Key Points for the Family Court Community
Discussion focuses on the numerous risks and challenges faced by family law attorneys in dealing with clients and opposing parties.
Ways of identifying and effectively dealing with difficult clients are reviewed.
Strategies for reducing risks and improving safety are offered.

Abstract
Background
Differences in acute COVID-19 associated morbidity based on race, ethnicity, and gender have been well described; however, less is known about differences in subsequent longer term health-related quality of life and well-being.

Methods
This prospective cohort study included symptomatic adults tested for SARS-CoV-2 who completed baseline and 3-month follow-up surveys. Using the PROMIS-29 tool, a validated measure of health and well-being, we compared outcomes at 3 months and change in outcomes from baseline to 3 months among groups with different races, ethnicities, and/or sexes.

Results
Among 6044 participants, 4113 (3202 COVID +) were included. Among COVID + participants, compared to non-Hispanic White participants, Black participants had better PROMIS T-scores for cognitive function (3.6 [1.1, 6.2]) and fatigue (− 4.3 [− 6.6, − 2.0]) at 3 months and experienced more improvement in fatigue over 3 months (− 2.7 [− 4.7, − 0.8]). At 3 months, compared with males, females had worse PROMIS T-scores for cognitive function (− 4.1 [− 5.6, − 2.6]), physical function (− 2.1 [− 3.1, − 1.0]), social participation (− 2.8 [− 4.2, − 1.5]), anxiety (2.8 [1.5, 4.1]), fatigue (5.1 [3.7, 6.4]), and pain interference (2.0 [0.9, 3.2]). Females experienced less improvement in fatigue over 3 months (3.1 [2.0, 4.3]). Transgender/non-binary/other gender participants had worse 3-month scores in all domains except for sleep disturbance and pain interference.

Conclusions
Three months after the initial COVID-19 infection, Black participants reported better cognitive function and fatigue, while females and other gender minoritized groups experienced lower well-being. Future studies are necessary to better understand how and why social constructs, specifically race, ethnicity, and gender, influence differences in COVID-19-related health outcomes.
Trials Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04610515

Four decades ago, U.S. life expectancy was within the same range as other high-income peer countries. However, during the past decades, the United States has fared worse in many key health domains resulting in shorter life expectancy and poorer health—a health disadvantage. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute convened a panel of national and international health experts and stakeholders for a Think Tank meeting to explore the U.S. health disadvantage and to seek specific recommendations for implementation research opportunities for heart, lung, blood, and sleep disorders. Recommendations for National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute consideration were made in several areas including understanding the drivers of the disadvantage, identifying potential solutions, creating strategic partnerships with common goals, and finally enhancing and fostering a research workforce for implementation research. Key recommendations included exploring why the United States is doing better for health indicators in a few areas compared with peer countries; targeting populations across the entire socioeconomic spectrum with interventions at all levels in order to prevent missing a substantial proportion of the disadvantage; assuring partnership have high-level goals that can create systemic change through collective impact; and finally, increasing opportunities for implementation research training to meet the current needs. Connecting with the research community at large and building on ongoing research efforts will be an important strategy. Broad partnerships and collaboration across the social, political, economic, and private sectors and all civil society will be critical—not only for implementation research but also for implementing the findings to have the desired population impact. Developing the relevant knowledge to tackle the U.S. health disadvantage is the necessary first step to improve U.S. health outcomes.