Suchergebnisse

Resumo O nome de Werner Sombart possuía uma grande fama nos principais meios da sociologia à escala mundial há cerca de um século; mas tendeu depois a cair em uma penumbra de quase esquecimento, sendo habitualmente excluído do atual panteão sociológico. Isso ficou muito provavelmente a dever-se, entre outros fatores, à sua adesão tardia ao nazismo. Não obstante, foram celebérrimas, e são ainda hoje plenamente dignas de reflexão atenta as suas considerações sobre a relação do capitalismo com a guerra, o luxo e a ética religiosa, particularmente a judaica; a dualidade valorativa da mentalidade capitalista (com a antinomia burguês × empresário); a periodização do capitalismo e a sua trajetória futura; as singularidades da vida política norte-americana. Sombart deixou várias questões por resolver, mas que nos interpelam ainda hoje direta e vivamente. Apesar de se tratar de um autor meio olvidado na tradição sociológica, é, todavia, de mais do que um ponto de vista, plenamente nosso contemporâneo.

Paper presented at the 5th International Conference of the Research Network Private Urban Governance & Gated Communities, Redefinition of Public Space Within the Privatization of Cities ; It is debated how much conceptualizations of the phenomenon of gated communities under the lenses of public choice theory may configure a misleading approach. The typifying of goods by mainstream economics is briefly presented and discussed, attention being directed to how much these must (and should) be institutionally rooted discussions. Shortcomings of economics-inspired discourse in capturing the logics of political life are underlined. The eruption of gated communities is referred to obvious deficiencies in public provision of goods that are often characteristic of situations of blockages in development processes and high inequalities in the distribution of both wealth and political and symbolic resources. These traits have clear implications in the shifting definition of limits between private and public spheres across societies. The cumulative circular causations of these phenomena are highlighted, as well as their largely "performative" nature.

Previous research on the Portuguese case confirmed free-riding, free-marketer and right-wing political inclinations among economics students. Further scrutiny was endeavored here, perceiving also a considerably increased interest for politics, notwithstanding the lack of concern for public problems. Various aspects of free-riding proclivity were distinguished and discussed, relating them with youngsters' risk-loving and sensation-seeking tendencies, but also with a number of other facets specific to economics students, including: prevalence of achievement values, contextual influences on morals, peer pressure, perceived group status and social expectations regarding the economic profession. ; Pesquisas anteriores en el caso portugués confirmaron inclinaciones políticas de derecha y pro-mercado entre los estudiantes de economía, en paralelo con una mayor tendencia al free-riding. Investigación subsiguiente, aquí expuesta, permitió percibir también una mayor atracción por la política, pero sin interés por asuntos públicos. Diversos aspectos de la inclinación free-rider fueron distinguidos, relacionándolos con la propensión juvenil hacia el riesgo y la búsqueda de sensaciones, pero también con aspectos específicos de los estudiantes de economía: prevalencia de valores de realización, influencias contextuales en la moralidad, presión de los pares, percepción de status y expectativas relativas a la profesión de economista. ; Des études antérieures ont confirmé la prévalence de tendances politiques de droite et pro-marché parmi les étudiants d'économie au Portugal, parallèlement à une inclination accrue pour le free-riding. Des recherches subséquentes, ici exposés, ont détecté aussi une intense attraction par la politique, malgré l'indifférence vers la vie publique. Plusieurs aspects de la pente vers le free-riding ont été distingués, en les rapportant à la propension des jeunes pour le risque et la recherche de sensations, mais également à des traits spécifiques des étudiants d'économie, nommément: valeurs ...

This paper deals on the issue of whether or not studying economics has a relevant effect on molding the values and attitudes characteristic of the trust-building processes prevailing in a democratic society. Mainstream economics teaching, based on the self-interest model of rational, maximizing, individualistic representative agents, may well cause indoctrinating effects, creating or reinforcing both political conservatism and selfishness values and behaviors among economics students. This result is confirmed by most studies in relevant literature, but it may be otherwise explained by a so-called self-selection effect, suggesting that "economists are born, not made". In this paper a contribution to this literature is made with more empirical evidence, namely the results of a survey entitled "Social Building of Trust in Portugal", referring to a considerable diversity of samples (economics students, other students, ordinary citizens of two counties, urban and rural) and being applied in three different years: 2006, 2009 and 2012. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion