Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Emerging Global Problems and Solutions -- The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry Also Available Electronically -- Aims and Scope -- Series Preface -- Volume Preface -- Contents -- Potable Water Quality Standards and Regulations: A Historical and World Overview -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Drinking Water in the Ancient World -- 3 The Impact of Human Activities on Drinking Water Sources -- 4 The Evolution of Municipal Drinking Water Treatment Systems -- 4.1 Early Water Treatment Methods -- 4.2 The European Experience -- 4.3 The North American Experience -- 4.4 Modern Water Treatment Methods -- 5 The Evolution of Methods for Water Analysis -- 5.1 Chemical Analyses -- 5.2 Early Attempts at Measuring Contaminants -- 5.3 Linking Human Disease to Bacteria -- 5.4 Standardization of Analyses -- 6 The Evolution of Drinking Water Standards and Regulations -- 6.1 Potable Water as a Government Responsibility -- 6.2 Guidelines, Standards, and Regulations: An Introduction -- 6.3 Regulatory Framework: The United States -- 7 Current Drinking Water Standards and Guidelines: A Global Overview -- 7.1 World Health Organization -- 7.2 United States -- 7.3 The European Union -- 7.4 China -- 7.5 Australia -- 7.6 Kenya -- 7.7 India -- 7.8 Israel -- 8 Emerging Standards and Regulatory Challenges -- 8.1 Disinfection By-Products -- 8.2 Pharmaceuticals -- 8.3 Emerging Pathogens -- 9 Global Drinking Water Quality Goals -- 10 Conclusions -- References -- Global Potable Water: Current Status, Critical Problems, and Future Perspectives -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Anthropogenic Impacts on Drinking Water Sources -- 2.1 Agricultural Impacts -- 2.2 Industrial and Mining Impacts -- 2.3 Urbanization Impacts -- 3 Water and Health -- 3.1 Acute Diseases -- 3.2 Chronic Diseases -- 4 Technical Limitations -- 4.1 Emerging Countries -- 4.1.1 Design Phase Limitations.

Technology has played a central role in development programming since the inception of development assistance. Recent development organizations, like the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, believe technological innovation can improve development outcomes. Development ethics, a field of study focused on the ethical questions posed by development policies and practices, has yet to fully appreciate the ethical dimensions of the science and technology. Addressing this important research and policy gap, we contend that science and technology studies (STS) offers important insights that can be used in combination with development ethics to influence development policies and practices. Utilizing a case study of a private development program in Uganda, we illustrate how STS offers important insights for understanding how a sociotechnical ensemble placed pressure on already scarce water resources. Two dimensions of STS scholarship, the power asymmetries of technological development and the incomplete or partial nature of technoscientific knowledge, are examined and help us to understand how sociotechnical ensembles in development increase the likelihood of the emergence of publics who are negatively impacted by sociotechnical ensembles in development programs. Leveraging STS insights, we argue for the importance of situated ethics—a pragmatic approach to ensuring responsiveness to the emergence of these publics.