Suchergebnisse

This paper work aims to contribute to the debate on the relations between environmental deterioration and development in Latin-American countries. It is argued that to the development style a country presents a pattern of environmental deterioration is corresponded. Two sources of environmental deterioration closely linked to the characteristics of the development style of most Latin-American countries were identified in ECLAC's literature: structural heterogeneity and the type of international insertion. Two regions were selected which present substantive differences in these two aspects: the Northeast (with a high degree of structural heterogeneity and international insertion highly dependent upon natural resources intensive goods) and the Southeast (with inverse characteristics) of Brazil. The indicators chosen were those proposed by the 7th Millennium Development Goal. In general, the results corroborate the expectations of this approach, signaling to the importance of the advancement of the understanding of environmental issues in the ambit of the development debate.

Este artículo busca integrar en un marco analítico único las tres dimensiones del desarrollo sostenible, a saber, la económica, la social y la ambiental. Para ello se construye un modelo de tres brechas en la tradición estructuralista, donde se definen y contrastan tres tasas de crecimiento: la tasa máxima compatible con el equilibrio externo, la tasa máxima compatible con los compromisos ambientales asumidos por la región, y la tasa mínima necesaria para lograr niveles crecientes de igualdad. Se simulan escenarios de políticas mediante el modelo E3ME de Cambridge Econometrics, un modelo macroeconométrico de los sistemas socioeconómico, energético y ambiental. Los ejercicios de simulación confirman la importancia clave de combinar las políticas industrial y tecnológica con las de protección social a fin de promover el crecimiento y el empleo formal, junto con el desacoplamiento de las emisiones y la caída de la desigualdad. Una gobernanza internacional que favorezca la reducción de asimetrías tecnológicas y amplíe los espacios de política en la periferia es necesaria para avanzar hacia un nuevo estilo de desarrollo.

The recent IPCC Special Report on global warming of 1.5 °C emphasizes that rapid action to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is vital to achieving the climate mitigation goals of the Paris Agreement. The most-needed substantial upscaling of investments in GHG mitigation options in all sectors, and particularly in manufacturing sectors, can be an opportunity for a green economic development leap in developing countries. Here, we use the Brazilian manufacturing sectors as an example to explore a transformation of its economy while contributing to the Paris targets. Projections of Brazil's economic futures with and without a portfolio of fiscal policies to induce low carbon investments are produced up to 2030 (end year of Brazil's Nationally Determined Contribution—NDC), by employing the large-scale macro econometric Energy-Environment-Economy Model, E3ME. Our findings highlight that the correct mix of green stimulus can help modernize and decarbonize the Brazilian manufacturing sectors and allow the country's economy to grow faster (by up to 0.42% compared to baseline) while its carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions decline (by up to 14.5% in relation to baseline). Investment levels increase, thereby strengthening exports' competitiveness and alleviating external constraints to long-term economic growth in net terms. ; This research was funded by CAPES Foundation, grant number BEX 0885/13-4 and by European Union's Horizon 2020 Program, PARIS REINFORCE project, grant number 820846.