Suchergebnisse

Nos últimos anos, a supervisão de ofensores nas comunidades tem-se vindo a constituir como uma nova faceta da paisagem penal na maioria dos países ocidentais, assistindo-se ao seu crescimento em escala, alcance e intensidade. Em Portugal, a par das penas e medidas na comunidade e das penas de prisão, destaca-se a vigilância eletrónica como forma de monitorizar ofensores. Este instrumento penal é associado a elevadas expectativas criadas por discursos políticos e mensagens mediáticas que retratam a vigilância eletrónica como um instrumento que permite reduzir a sobrelotação e a pressão sobre o sistema prisional e os custos associados. Ao mesmo tempo, também é argumentado que, ao manter os ofensores na comunidade, a vigilância eletrónica favorece igualmente a manutenção dos laços sociais, evita os potenciais efeitos criminógenos da prisão e facilita os processos de ressocialização. Neste artigo, inspirando-me nos estudos sociais da ciência e tecnologia e nos estudos da vigilância, exploro as implicações invisibilizadas do tecno-otimismo em torno da vigilância eletrónica em Portugal. Por via de análise documental, baseada em audições parlamentares, peças jornalísticas, artigos de opinião, relatórios oficiais e literatura científica, reflito sobre a forma como o tecno-otimismo tem invisibilizado a ampliação da malha penal; implicado a cooptação da família na esfera penal e a transmutação do espaço doméstico num espaço de reclusão; e, no que concerne à violência doméstica, a caracterização deste flagelo social como tendo uma solução tecnocientífica, estreitando, assim, o debate público sobre a sua prevenção. ; In recent years, offenders' supervision has emerged as a new facet of the penal landscape in most Western countries, growing in scale, reach and scope. In Portugal, in addition to community sanctions and prison sentences, electronic monitoring stands out as a way of monitoring offenders. This penal instrument is associated with high expectations created by political discourses and media messages that portray electronic monitoring as an instrument that enables the reduction of overcrowding and pressure of the prison system and its costs. In addition, it is also argued that, by maintaining offenders in the community, electronic monitoring also favours the maintenance of social ties, avoids the potential criminogenic effects of prison, and facilitates resocialisation processes. In this article, drawing inspiration from social studies of science and technology and surveillance studies, I explore the invisible implications of techno-optimism of electronic monitoring in Portugal. Through documentary analysis, based on parliamentary hearings, media pieces, opinion articles, official reports, and scientific literature, I reflect upon how techno-optimism makes the expansion of the penal sphere invisible. Moreover, techno-optimism about electronic monitoring in Portugal also implies the co-optation of family in the criminal sphere and the transmutation of the domestic space into a confinement space. Regarding domestic violence, techo-optimism around electronic monitoring also contributes to the characterisation of this social phenomenon as having a technoscientific solution, thus narrowing the public debate on its prevention.

Nos últimos anos, a supervisão de ofensores nas comunidades tem-se vindo a constituir como uma nova faceta da paisagem penal na maioria dos países ocidentais, assistindo-se ao seu crescimento em escala, alcance e intensidade. Em Portugal, a par das penas e medidas na comunidade e das penas de prisão, destaca-se a vigilância eletrónica como forma de monitorizar ofensores. Este instrumento penal é associado a elevadas expectativas criadas por discursos políticos e mensagens mediáticas que retratam a vigilância eletrónica como um instrumento que permite reduzir a sobrelotação e a pressão sobre o sistema prisional e os custos associados. Ao mesmo tempo, também é argumentado que, ao manter os ofensores na comunidade, a vigilância eletrónica favorece igualmente a manutenção dos laços sociais, evita os potenciais efeitos criminógenos da prisão e facilita os processos de ressocialização. Neste artigo, inspirando-me nos estudos sociais da ciência e tecnologia e nos estudos da vigilância, exploro as implicações invisibilizadas do tecno-otimismo em torno da vigilância eletrónica em Portugal. Por via de análise documental, baseada em audições parlamentares, peças jornalísticas, artigos de opinião, relatórios oficiais e literatura científica, reflito sobre a forma como o tecno-otimismo tem invisibilizado a ampliação da malha penal; implicado a cooptação da família na esfera penal e a transmutação do espaço doméstico num espaço de reclusão; e, no que concerne à violência doméstica, a caracterização deste flagelo social como tendo uma solução tecnocientífica, estreitando, assim, o debate público sobre a sua prevenção. ; In recent years, offenders' supervision has emerged as a new facet of the penal landscape in most Western countries, growing in scale, reach and scope. In Portugal, in addition to community sanctions and prison sentences, electronic monitoring stands out as a way of monitoring offenders. This penal instrument is associated with high expectations created by political discourses and media messages that portray electronic monitoring as an instrument that enables the reduction of overcrowding and pressure of the prison system and its costs. In addition, it is also argued that, by maintaining offenders in the community, electronic monitoring also favours the maintenance of social ties, avoids the potential criminogenic effects of prison, and facilitates resocialisation processes. In this article, drawing inspiration from social studies of science and technology and surveillance studies, I explore the invisible implications of techno-optimism of electronic monitoring in Portugal. Through documentary analysis, based on parliamentary hearings, media pieces, opinion articles, official reports, and scientific literature, I reflect upon how techno-optimism makes the expansion of the penal sphere invisible. Moreover, techno-optimism about electronic monitoring in Portugal also implies the co-optation of family in the criminal sphere and the transmutation of the domestic space into a confinement space. Regarding domestic violence, techo-optimism around electronic monitoring also contributes to the characterisation of this social phenomenon as having a technoscientific solution, thus narrowing the public debate on its prevention.

An analysis is presented of how prisoners' relatives experience and attribute meanings to the imprisonment of one or more family members. Drawing on 30 interviews conducted in Portugal with men and women taking an active role in supporting prisoners, the article explores the collateral consequences associated with both male and female imprisonment. Empirical findings point to the heterogeneous, ambivalent, complex and dynamic character of prisoners' relatives experiences and meanings. In addition, the results also highlight the significant impact of gender relations and access to social and economic resources on the social implications associated with imprisonment.

Forensic genetics and genetic surveillance in Europe: a historical and sociological analysis -- Transnational genetic surveillance in the EU: the case of the Prüm system -- Genetic surveillance in European post-communist countries -- The uses of familial searching in Europe: at the crossroads between expanding suspicion and historical reparation -- Expanding genetic informativity through emerging technologies: the cases of forensic DNA phenotyping and next generation sequencing -- Non-governmental organizations and the critique of genetic surveillance.

Forensic genetics and genetic surveillance in Europe: a historical and sociological analysis -- Transnational genetic surveillance in the EU: the case of the Prüm system -- Genetic surveillance in European post-communist countries -- The uses of familial searching in Europe: at the crossroads between expanding suspicion and historical reparation -- Expanding genetic informativity through emerging technologies: the cases of forensic DNA phenotyping and next generation sequencing -- Non-governmental organizations and the critique of genetic surveillance.

"Genetic Surveillance and Crime Control presents a new empirical and conceptual framework for understanding trends of genetic surveillance in different countries in Europe and in other jurisdictions around the world. The use of DNA or genome for state-level surveillance for crime governance is becoming the norm in democratic societies. In the post-DNA, contemporary modes of criminal identification are gradually changing through the increasing expansion of transnational sharing of DNA data, along with the development of highly controversial genetic technologies that pose acute challenges to privacy and generate fears of discrimination, racism and stigmatization. Some questions that guide this book are: How is genetic surveillance in the governance of crime intertwined with society, ethics, culture, and politics? What are the views and expectations of diverse stakeholders -scientists, police agencies, and non-governmental organizations? How can social sciences research about genetic surveillance accommodate socio-cultural and historical differences, and be sensitive to specificities of post-authoritarian societies in Europe? Taking an interdisciplinary approach focused on challenges to genetic privacy, human rights and citizenship in contemporary societies , this book will be of interest to students and scholars of social studies of science and technology, sociology, criminology, law and policing, international relations and forensic sciences"--

Genetic Surveillance and Crime Control presents a new empirical and conceptual framework for understanding trends of genetic surveillance in different countries in Europe and in other jurisdictions around the world. The use of DNA or genome for state-level surveillance for crime governance is becoming the norm in democratic societies. In the post-DNA, contemporary modes of criminal identification are gradually changing through the increasing expansion of transnational sharing of DNA data, along with the development of highly controversial genetic technologies that pose acute challenges to privacy and generate fears of discrimination, racism and stigmatization. Some questions that guide this book are: How is genetic surveillance in the governance of crime intertwined with society, ethics, culture, and politics? What are the views and expectations of diverse stakeholders –scientists, police agencies, and non-governmental organizations? How can social sciences research about genetic surveillance accommodate socio-cultural and historical differences, and be sensitive to specificities of post-authoritarian societies in Europe? Taking an interdisciplinary approach focused on challenges to genetic privacy, human rights and citizenship in contemporary societies , this book will be of interest to students and scholars of social studies of science and technology, sociology, criminology, law and policing, international relations and forensic sciences.

Introduction -- Forensic genetics and genetic surveillance in Europe: a historical and sociological analysis -- Transnational genetic surveillance in the EU: the case of the Prüm system -- Genetic surveillance in post-communist European countries -- The uses of familial searching in Europe: at the crossroads between expanding suspicion and historical reparation -- Expanding genetic informativity through emerging technologies: the cases of forensic DNA phenotyping and next generation sequencing -- Non-governmental organizations and the critique of genetic surveillance.

Chapter 1 Introduction -- Chapter 2 The Sociological Gaze -- Chapter 3 Biological Explanations of Criminal Behaviour -- Chapter 4 DNA Technologies in Criminal Investigation and Courts -- Chapter 5 DNA Databases and Big Data -- Chapter 6 Forensic Genetics and Governance of Transnational Criminality -- Chapter 7 Emerging DNA Technologies and Stigmatization -- Chapter 8 Conclusion.

This open access book uses a critical sociological perspective to explore contemporary ways of reformulating the governance of crime through genetics. Through the lens of scientific knowledge and genetic technology, Machado and Granja offer a unique perspective on current trends in crime governance. They explore the place and role of genetics in criminal justice systems, and show how classical and contemporary social theory can help address challenges posed by social processes and interactions generated by the uses, meanings, and expectations attributed to genetics in the governance of crime. Cutting-edge methods and research techniques are also integrated to address crucial aspects of this social reality. Finally, the authors examine new challenges emerging from recent paradigm shifts within forensic genetics, moving away from the construction of evidence as presented in court to the production of intelligence guiding criminal investigations.

Genetic Surveillance and Crime Control presents a new empirical and conceptual framework for understanding trends of genetic surveillance in different countries in Europe and in other jurisdictions around the world. The use of DNA or genome for state-level surveillance for crime governance is becoming the norm in democratic societies. In the post-DNA, contemporary modes of criminal identification are gradually changing through the increasing expansion of transnational sharing of DNA data, along with the development of highly controversial genetic technologies that pose acute challenges to privacy and generate fears of discrimination, racism and stigmatization. Some questions that guide this book are: How is genetic surveillance in the governance of crime intertwined with society, ethics, culture, and politics? What are the views and expectations of diverse stakeholders –scientists, police agencies, and non-governmental organizations? How can social sciences research about genetic surveillance accommodate socio-cultural and historical differences, and be sensitive to specificities of post-authoritarian societies in Europe? Taking an interdisciplinary approach focused on challenges to genetic privacy, human rights and citizenship in contemporary societies , this book will be of interest to students and scholars of social studies of science and technology, sociology, criminology, law and policing, international relations and forensic sciences.