Suchergebnisse

[Law is jurisprudence: "there is no certainty of tomorrow". Comment to: judgment of the Court of Milan, July 17th 2014]Today, more and more evidence is perfected a peculiar creation process of law: law is jurisprudence!The judgment of the Court of Milan, here under review, sets out a direction completely contrasting with the well-established theory of liability of "social contact" in the health sector.The point at issue? The same for some time, now: the Decree Balduzzi revived the responsibility model in force before the landmark ruling in 1999, or only represented a failure of the Legislator?The jurisprudential debate arises from the interpretation of Article 3 of Law 189 of November 8, 2012, the conversion of D.L. September 13, 2012 n. 158, the notorius "Decree Balduzzi".The Court of Milan promotes the interpretation that the second part of Article 3 of Law n. 189/2012, would change the "living law", making a choice in line with the purpose of containing the costs of compensation of public health and to remedy the phenomenon of so-called "defensive medicine", "throwing to the nettles" the usability in practice of the theory of social contact.The position taken by the Court of Milan cannot be shared: the reference to art. 2043 of the Civil Code must be interpreted as a failure of the Legislator, too worried about reducing health care costs. We must therefore continue to apply the model of liability of art. 1218 of the Civil Code, and then the theory of social contact. Anyway: posterity will judge!

In September 2007 the national team members of the International Inforum (Interindustry Forecasting Project at the University of Maryland) group held the XV annual World Conference in Truijllo, Spain. Such Conferences offer the participants to report their achievements in the different fields concerning the macroeconomic multisectoral modeling approach and data development. The national partners build their country model based on a common input-output accounting structure and a similar econometric modeling approach for sectoral and macroeconomic variables. In each Conference, the contributions refer to the wide spectrum of research activities carried on within the Inforum system of models.

Purpose– This paper aims to make use of participatory scenarios to assess the multiple aspects of space with the help of future scenarios.Design/methodology/approach– This paper makes an attempt to appreciate multiple representations of space where past and present experiences merge with future desires and concerns. With the help of one case study, Izmir (Turkey), where a vision of democratic city is developed, the paper shows how future scenarios can provide deeper and richer appreciation of present space, thereby challenging existing spatial practices.Findings– The participatory approach used in the development of scenarios suggests interesting implications to operationalise a more relational concept of space in real planning strategies.Research limitations/implications– The use of scenarios in strategic planning to identify future possibilities and to make stakeholders aware of uncertainties has been increasingly recognised in planning research and practice.Practical implications– The appreciation of the multiple aspects of space with the help of future scenarios would enrich the spatial planning practice.Social implications– The use of participatory approach to preparing scenarios enables participants to make use of interactive method in social and political discourses.Originality/value– The use of scenarios to examine various aspects of space that may be relevant in spatial planning has not received similar attention. The latter poses methodological as well as practical challenges for researchers. This paper is an attempt to do just that.

We examine the uneven employment changes in the Italian local labour systems (LLSs) in the 1990s. Using the 1991 and 2001 economic census data, we intend to compare the performance of different types of LLS, and particularly those of the industrial districts (IDs) and the large enterprise systems (LESs). The originality of the study lies in the territorial unit of analysis chosen: the 784 Italian LLSs. The analysed data show that, in the 1990s, the Italian IDs proved to be the country's most dynamic local systems. Moreover, the shift-and-share analysis demonstrates that the local effect in the IDs was positive enough to more than compensate for the negative industry mix. Conversely, in the LESs the local effect was so negative as to determine a total negative effect, despite the positive industry mix. We conclude with an overview of the present situation and the corresponding policy implications.

Economic insecurity has increased in importance in the understanding of economic and socio-demographic household behaviour. The present paper aims to analyse patterns of household economic insecurity over the years 2004-2015 by using the longitudinal section of the Italian SILC (Statistics on Income and Living Conditions) survey. In the identification of economic insecurity statuses, we used indicators of economic hardship in a latent transition approach in order to: (i) classify Italian households into homogenous classes characterised by different levels of economic insecurity, (ii) assess whether changes in latent class membership occurred in the selected time span, and (iii) evaluate the effect of employment status and characteristics of individuals on latent status membership. Empirical findings uncovered five latent statuses of economic insecurity from the best situation to the worst. The levels of economic insecurity remained quite stable over the period considered, but a non-negligible worsening can be detected for the unemployed and individuals with part-time jobs.