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In 1948, during the first war of Italian national independence, Antonio Rosmini had strongly claimed that, in the case of Italy, a good constitution had to be approved before the unification of the Peninsula could be accomplished. In his view, only after establishing an adequate "constitutional statute", could "substance" be given to society. As it is well known, things went in a very different way. National Unity was achieved without any preliminary reference to the order of constitutional institutions. The Statute (written constitution), which had been granted by Carl Albert to the Kingdom of Sardinia, was extended to the Kindom of Italy, with several "tacit" modifications due to habits. But the life of the representative government turned out shaky, until it fell due to the rising of fascism. The subsequent fascist regime also fell, however, because of the defeat in World War Two. The so-called "First Republic" followed, and it also finished, at the end of the cold war. Today, the results of the events of the recent past seem uncertain. The common trait of the three constitutional experiences of united Italy seems to be the will to establish an order informed by positive law, and hence grounded on the will of completely independent men. This is the result of abandoning any reference to the superiority of a transcendent natural law. Adapted from the source document.

On 21 Nov 2003 the University of Pavia held a seminar on "Lorenzago di Cadore's plan for Constitutional Reform." The seminar was sponsored by the departments of Political & Judicial Studies, Statistics, & Applied Economics. Under the direction of professors Pietro Giuseppe Grasso & Pietro Vincenzo Aimo, the seminar offered an opportunity to analyze the contents of the proposed reform. This paper focuses on the proposed modification of the Constitutional Court from the perspective of a federal environment. The proposal outlines a Constitutional Court based on solely political nominations; therefore, an institution that would lose its protective characteristics, especially in case of tutelage of political minorities. M. Williamson

Gives an overview of the various contributions of judicial context in Il Politico, including subtopics of legal themes & the various countries from which writings came & discusses the contributors & writings for subtopics such as philosophy of law & public & constitutional legal studies. 108 References. E. Miller

Summary in English.

Summary in English.